水库“水华”发生生理生态学机理和生态恢复.pdfVIP

水库“水华”发生的生理生态学机理和生态恢复 关卓今北京市水利科学研究所P.R.China，北京 100048 摘要：通过围隔实验和水体群落调查，研究了“水华”藻类在不同水生态环境，包括沉水植物群落、挺水植物群落、深、浅水域和暂时性受 重污染破坏的水域等生态系统中的变化，并对藻类水华发生的时间、环境空间、物质条件等进行了综合分析。提出了湖泊水库 “水华”发 生的生理生态学机理和明确的治理思路：对于水华藻类这类不稳定的植物类群，在稳定的水生态系统中，它们的竞争能力相对较弱。它 们能够适应多变而不稳定的环境，容易占领新产生的或未被占据的生态空间 （在生态环境中，有利于水华发生的各种生态因素的综合构 成了水华发生的生态空间），加之水华藻类生活周期的短时间可达数量高峰的特点，所以“水华”容易在被干扰的、破坏的、富营养的水环 境中即具有较大生态空间中爆发。从这种观点出发，水库水华的防治应该采取最大限度降低水华发生生态空间的综合技术措施和管理 下的系统生态恢复方法。 关键词：水华;水华发生机理;微囊藻;富营养化;生态恢复;湖泊水库 ResearchonaPhysiology-ecologicalMechanismofAlgaeBloomandEcologicalRestorationofLakeZhuo-jinGuan BeijingHydraulicResearchingInstitute:Beijing100048 Abstract:Throughhydrophytescommunityresearchandtheenclosureexperiment,thedifferentchangeofthewaterbloomal gaewereresearchedindifferentwaterecologicalenvironment,includingsubmerginghydrophytescommunities,emergedplant communities,deepandshallowwaterareas,andawaterecosystemdestroyedbytemporarilybadpollutedwater.Thetime,envi ronmentspace,nutrimentconditions,andbio-environmentofthealgaebloomfulminantdevelopmentwereanalyzedsynthetical ly.Throughtheresearch,aphysiology-ecologicalmechanismofalgaebloomwasinvestigated,andideastopreventwaterbloom hadbeenproposed.Inconclusion,algaebloomwasanunstablecommunitytype.Althoughthealgaepopulationdensitywasun stable,theywereadaptabletothechangefulandunstableenvironment,andalsothephenomenonofalgaebloomoccurredovera shortperiodoftime.Therefore,theycanquicklyinhabitandconqueranuninhabitedecologicalspace(Inecologicalenviron ment,theecologicalspaceofwaterboomoccuringiscomposedsyntheticallybyeveryecologicalfactorsthatisusefulforwater boomoccuring).Sothat,Algabloomcandevelopexplosivelyandrapidlyinanewwaterenvironment,adestroyedanddis turbedecosystem,andnutritionriched,namelyinabigecologicalspacetherewas. Basedonthisresearch,topreventthealgaebloomoccurringinreservoir,applicationsofecologicalrestorationunderinte gratedmanagementshouldbeused. Keywords:waterblooms;occurringmechanism;Microcystis;waterenviro