太湖地区高产水稻生命周期评价.pdfVIP

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农业环境科学学报 2009,28(2):420—424 JournalofAgro—EnvironmentScience 太湖地区高产水稻生命周期评价 王明新 ,夏训峰 2,刘建国 ,柴育红 ,雷春生 (1.江苏工业学院环境与安全工程学院,江苏 常州 213164;2.中国环境科学研究院,北京 100012) 摘 要:以太湖地区高产水稻典型管理措施为例,应用生命周期评价方法,以生产 1t水稻为评价的功能单元,把水稻生命周期划 分为原料阶段 、农资阶段和种植阶段进行清单分析与影响评价,考虑了能源消耗、水资源消耗 、温室效应、环境酸化和富营养化5种 环境影响类型。结果表明,太湖地区高产水稻生命周期环境影响潜力大小依次是水资源消耗、富营养化、温室效应、环境酸化和能源 消耗,环境影响指数分别为 1.45、0.54、O.52、0.32和0.05,环境影响综合指数为0.54。降低稻田水肥投入,提高水分和养分生产效率 是控制太湖地区水稻生产体系生命周期环境影响的关键,它在直接减少种植环节资源消耗与污染排放的同时,也间接减轻了上游 生产环节的环境影响,从而减缓生命周期的环境影响。 关键词:生命周期评价;清单分析;太湖流域;水稻 中图分类号:X826 文献标志码:A 文章编号 :1672—2043(2009)02—4020—05 LifeCycleAssessmentofHigh-yieldingRiceinTaihuRegion WANGMing—xin,XIAXun—feng,LIUJian-guo,CHAIYu-hong,LEIChun-sheng (1.CollegeofEnvironmentalSafetyEngineering,JiangsuPolytechnicUniversity,Changzhou213164,China;2.ChinaEnvironmentalSci— enceResearchInstitute,Beijing100012,China) Abstract:Inthisstudy,alifecycleassessment(LCA)methodwasusedtoexaminetheenvironmentalimpactofthericeproductionsystemin Taihuregion.TheLCAconsideredtheentiresystem,whichwasrequiredtoproduce1toneachofrice.Theanalysisincludedrawmaterialex— tractionandtransportation,agrochemicalproductionandtransportation,andarablefarminginthefield.First,allemissionsandresourcecon— sumptionconnectedtothedifferentprocesseswerelistedinalifecycleinventory(LCI)andrelatedtoacommonunit(1tonofgrain).Thena lifecycleimpactassessment(LCIA)wasconducted,inwhichtheinventory datawereaggregatedintoindicatorsforenvironmentaleffects,in— cludingenergydepletion,waterdepletion,climatechange,acidificationandaquaticeutrophication.Theresultshowedthatthesignificanceof environmentalimpactsfollowedbywaterdepletion,aquaticeutrophication,globalwarming,acidificationandenergydepletion,withtheimpact indicesof1.45,0.54,0.52,0.32and0.05,respectively.TheaggregatelifecycleenvironmentalimpactindexwasO.54.Assuch,toreducethe nitrogenousfertilizerandwaterconsumptionaswellastoincreasetheirproductionefficiencywerethekeypointstocontrolh【elifecycleenvi— ronmentalimpactsofrice

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