Chapter 17 The first law of thermodynamics.ppt

Chapter 17 The first law of thermodynamics Thermodynamic systems Workdone during volume changes Paths between thermodynamic states Internal energy and the first law of thermodynamics Kinds of Thermodynamic processes Heat capacity of an ideal gas Adiabatic processes for an ideal gas Thermodynamic system A system that can interact (exchanges energy) with its surroundings or environment is called “Thermodynamic system”. The process they interact and change in the state of a thermodynamic system is called “Thermodynamic Process”. The states variables involved in thermodynamic process are P, V, T, U, and W Workdone during volume changes workdone can be performed by gas system by changing volume. Workdone during volume changes if V2V1 W 0 the system expands. “the work is done by system” if V2V1 W 0 the system compresses. “the work is done on the system” Path between thermodynamic states Path between thermodynamic states Internal energy In ideal gas system, internal energy (U) is the total kinetic energy, The first law of thermodynamic The first law of thermodynamic Kinds of thermodynamic process Kinds of thermodynamic process Kinds of thermodynamic process Kinds of thermodynamic process Heat capacity of an ideal gas Heat capacity of an ideal gas Heat capacity Adiabatic process for an ideal gas Adiabatic process for an ideal gas Adiabatic process for an ideal gas * A = cross section area dX P P constant pressure Workdone is also the area under the P-V curve. P V expand compress W 0 W 0 P V Isothermal process a b Pa Va Vb (T =constant) P V Isochoric process a b Pa Va =Vb (V =constant) Pb P V Isobaric process a b Pa Va Vb (P =constant) Internal energy is the total energy stored in the thermodynamic system. Internal energy can change by thermodynamic process. The first law arises from the relations among internal energy (U), workdone (W) and exchanged heat (Q). U1 U2 Thermodynamic process H