Chapter 5 Respiration.ppt

Chapter 5 Respiration When you can not breath, nothing else matters Slogan of the American Lung Association Section I VENTILATION II Resistance of the Ventilation Elastic Resistance Inelastic Resistance Surface tension (表面张力）: a measure of the attraction force of the surface molecules per unit length of the material to which they are attached Physiology Importance of Surfactant Reduce the work of breathing Stabilize alveoli Prevent collapse and sticking of alveoli Maintain the dryness of the alveoli Prevent the edema of the alveoli III Assessment of the Pulmonary Ventilation II. Measurement of Expiratory Flow - FVC Surfactant (表面活性物质） Phospholipid produced by alveolar type II cells. Lowers surface tension. Reduces attractive forces of hydrogen bonding by becoming interspersed between H20 molecules. Surface tension in alveoli is reduced. Area dependence of Surfactant action Tension Area Surfactant Increase Area Saline Slider - Change Surface Area Saline DecreaseArea Low S/unit Area High S/unit Area Surfactant prevents alveolar collapse Volume L RV Pleural Pressure 0 6 0 - 30 cm H2O - 15 3 Normal (with surfactant) Saline Filled Without surfactant Volume-pressure curves of lungs filled with saline and with air (with or without surfactant) Compliance Distensibility (Stretchability, Elasticity): Ease with which the lungs can expand. The compliance is inversely proportional to elastic resistance Change in lung volume per change in transpulmonary pressure. DV/DP 100 x more distensible than a balloon. Specific compliance (比顺应性, CL）: the compliance per unit volume CL = pulmonary compliance/residual volume 2. Inelastic Resistance The inelastic resistance comprises airway resistance (friction) pulmonary tissue resistance (viscosity and inertia). Of these the airway resistance is by far the more important both in health and disease. It account for 80%-90% of the inelastic resistance. Airway Resistance Airway resistance is the res