Physics 101 Lecture 19 Elasticity and Oscillations.ppt

Physics 101: Lecture 19 Elasticity and Oscillations Overview Springs (review) Restoring force proportional to displacement F = – k x (Hooke’s law) U = ? k x2 Today Simple Harmonic Motion Harmonic motion vs. circular motion Springs Hooke’s Law: The force exerted by a spring is proportional to the distance the spring is stretched or compressed from its relaxed position. FX = – k x Where x is the displacement from the relaxed position and k is the constant of proportionality. Springs Hooke’s Law: The force exerted by a spring is proportional to the distance the spring is stretched or compressed from its relaxed position. FX = – k x Where x is the displacement from the relaxed position and k is the constant of proportionality. Potential Energy in Spring Force of spring is Conservative F = – k x W (by spring) = – 1/2 k x2 Work done only depends on initial and final position Define Potential Energy Uspring = ? k x2 Springs ACT Hooke’s Law: The force exerted by a spring is proportional to the distance the spring is stretched or compressed from its relaxed position. FX = – k x Where x is the displacement from the relaxed position and k is the constant of proportionality. What is force of spring when it is stretched as shown below. A) F 0 B) F = 0 C) F 0 Simple Harmonic Motion Vibrations Vocal cords when singing/speaking String/rubber band Simple Harmonic Motion Restoring force proportional to displacement Springs F = –kx Motion is a sine or cosine wave! Spring ACT II A mass on a spring oscillates up down with simple harmonic motion of amplitude A. A plot of displacement (x) versus time (t) is shown below. At what points during its oscillation is the magnitude of the acceleration of the block biggest? 1. When x = +A or –A (i.e. maximum displacement) 2. When x = 0 (i.e. zero displacement) 3. The acceleration of the mass is constant Energy A mass is attached to a spring and set to motion. The maximum displacement is x=A