育明考博-2015年人大考博复习资料考博英语翻译模拟预测题练习1.pdfVIP

中国考博辅导第一品牌 2015 年人大考博复习资料考博英语翻译模拟预测题练习 1 TEXT 1 Japan s firms hav achi v d th high st l v ls of manufacturing ffici ncy in th world automobil industry. (46) Som obs rv rs of Japan hav assum d that Japan s firms us th sam manufacturing quipm nt and t chniqu s as Unit d Stat s firms but hav b n fit d from th uniqu charact ristics of Japan s mploy s and th Japan s cultur . How v r, if this w r tru , th n on would xp ct Japan s auto plants in th Unit d Stat s to p rform no b tt r than factori s run by Unit d Stat s compani s. This is not th cas . (47) Japan s -run automobil plants locat d in th Unit d Stat s and staff d by local work rs hav d monstrat d high r l v ls of productivity wh n compar d with factori s own d by Unit d Stat s compani s. Oth r obs rv rs link high Japan s productivity to high r l v ls of capital inv stm nt p r work r. But a historical p rsp ctiv l ads to a diff r nt conclusion. (48) Wh n th two top Japan s automobil mak rs match d and th n doubl d Unit d Stat s productivity l v ls in th mid-sixti s, capital inv stm nt p r mploy was comparabl to that of Unit d Stat s firms. Furth rmor , by th lat s v nti s, th amount of fix d ass ts r quir d to produc on v hicl was roughly quival nt in Japan and in th Unit d Stat s. Sinc capital inv stm nt was not high r in Japan, it had to b oth r factors that l d to high r productivity. A mor fruitful xplanation may li with Japan s production t chniqu s. Japan s automobil produc rs did not simply impl m nt conv ntional proc ss s mor ff ctiv ly, th y mad critical chang in Unit d Stat s proc dur s. (49) For instanc , th mass-production philosophy of Unit d Stat s automak rs ncourag d th production of hug lots of