认知视角下探析中国相声制笑机制.pdfVIP

第 32 卷第 3 期 2010 年 5 月 Vol. 32 No. 3 Journal of Tangshan Teachers College May 2010 认知视角下探析中国相声的制笑机制 王 龙 （兰州理工大学外国语学院，甘肃 兰州 730050 ） 摘 要：关联理论和框架转移理论被广泛应用于幽默研究，并取得了可喜的成果。基于这两个理论的互补视 角，寻找相声制笑机制的认知过程。在相声理解的第一阶段，交际者在甩出一个包袱之前要做一定量的铺垫，使 听众在头脑中先形成一个可以通过较小的努力而获得最大关联的初始框架，得出对话语的显性可及理解，而相声 交际者清楚听众的这一认知倾向故意偏离最可及的理解，直至笑料的出现，听众的最终解读和初始框架发生冲突。 关键词：相声；关联理论；框架转移理论；制笑机制 H030 A 1009-9115(2010)03-0019-03 中图分类号： 文献标识码： 文章编号： A Cognitive Account of Laughter-Eliciting Mechanism in Chinese Cross Talk WANG Long (School of Foreign Languages, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China) Abstract: Relevance theory and frame-shifting theory are extensively applied in the research of humor. Based on the complementarities between these two theories, it intends to find out the laughter-eliciting mechanism in Chinese cross talk. In the first stage of cross talk understanding, the speaker helps the hearer to form an initially relevant frame by means of paying the least effort. Therefore, the hearer derives the overt accessible interpretation. But the speaker is clearly aware of this cognitive tendency and deliberately deviates this interpretation. Until the appearance of the punch line, the hearer’s ultimate understanding will be in conflict with his or her initial reading. Key words: cross-talk; relevance theory; frame-shifting theory; laugh resistant mechanism 一、相声研究的简要回顾及评述 theory ）理论视角研究相声，认为相声创作充分利用了认知 相声表演已经具有 100 多年的历史，不仅观众而且表演