无线通信系统第5章.pptVIP

Multiple Access Frequency (f) Time (t) Code (c) Space (si) Packet Radio Goal: multiple use of a shared medium FDMA Each user is allocated a unique frequency band or channel. These channels are assigned on demand to users who request service. The bandwidth of FDMA channels is narrow (30 KHz) since it supports only one call/ carrier. ISI is low since the symbol time is large compared to average delay spread ? No equalization is required. TDMA TDMA systems divide the radio spectrum into time slots and each user is allowed to either transmit or receive in each time slots. Each user occupies a cyclically repeating time slots. Disadvantages: precise synchronization necessary TDMA Utilized only in digital systems!!! Number of time slots (TS) depends on technology TDMAFDMA Combination of both methods A channel gets a certain frequency band for a certain amount of time Example: GSM * Multiple Access Techniques for Wireless Communications Duplexing Frequency domain techniques FDD Time domain techniques TDD Transmitter Receiver BPF Transmitter Receiver BPF F1 F1 Mobile Station Base Station Synchronous Switches TDD system Multiple Access Techniques FDMA TDMA CDMA SDMA PR FDMA TDMA CDMA Cellular Systems MA Technique ? AMPS ( Advanced Mobile Phone system ) FDMA / FDD ? GSM ( Global System for Mobile ) ? TDMA / FDD IS – 95 ( U.S Narrowband Spread Spectrum ) CDMA / FDD WCDMA CDMA / FDD,CDMA/TDD TD-SCDMA CDMA / TDD Cdma2000 CDMA / FDD Multiple ascess technologies used in different wireless systems Separation of the whole spectrum into smaller frequency bands A channel gets a certain band of the spectrum for the whole time FDMA Since FDMA is a continuous transmission scheme, fewer bits are needed for overhead purposes (such as synchronization and framing bits) as compared to TDMA. The FDMA mobile unit uses duplexers. FDMA requires tight RF filtering to minimize adjacent channel interference. Nonlinear Effects in FDMA: Intermodulation frequency Numb