从消息传递到云计算分布式计算范式的演化.pptVIP

Jing Liu liujing@ Distributed Computing Distributed computing is a science which solves a large problem by giving small parts of the problem to many computers to solve and then combining the solutions for the parts into a solution for the problem. Paradigm Paradigm means “a pattern, example, or model.” In the study of any subject of great complexity, it is useful to identify the basic patterns or models, and classify the detail according to these models. The Message Passing Paradigm The Message Passing Paradigm ?Message passing is the most fundamental paradigm for distributed applications. A process sends a message representing a request. The message is delivered to a receiver, which processes the request, and sends a message in response. In turn, the reply may trigger a further request, which leads to a subsequent reply, and so forth. The Message Passing Paradigm The basic operations required to support the basic message passing paradigm are send, and receive. For connection-oriented communication, the operations connect and disconnect are also required. With the abstraction provided by this model, the interconnected processes perform input and output to each other, in a manner similar to file I/O. The I/O operations encapsulate the detail of network communication at the operating-system level. The socket application programming interface is based on this paradigm. /products/jdk/1.2/docs/api/index.html / The Message System Paradigm The Message System Paradigm The Message System or Message-Oriented Middleware (MOM) paradigm is an elaboration of the basic message-passing paradigm. In this paradigm, a message system serves as an intermediary among separate, independent processes. The message system acts as a switch for messages, through which processes exchange messages asynchronously, in a decoupled manner. A sender deposits a message with the message system, which forwards it to a message queue associated with each receiver. Once a mess