一顾倾人城再顾倾人国。宁不知倾城与倾国？佳人难再.ppt

北方有佳人， 绝世而独立。 一顾倾人城， 再顾倾人国。 宁不知， 倾城与倾国？ 佳人难再得！ In the North, there was a smashing beauty, Absolutely matchless and unsurpassable in human realm. When casting a glance at you, she could bring down a city; When casting another glance at you, she could ruin a state. Notwithstanding one’s knowledge of her rare beauty, She is nowhere to find now. The critical essay—the classical prose essay (gu wen 古文)—was the most important Epitomizes Tang scholar’s achievement in prose writing Resulted from a “Return to Antiquity” (fu gu) movement which called for an “Ancient/Classical Style Prose” movement to reform the writing of prose. Intellectuals joining this movement are referred to as “restorationists” by Lewis, but would better be viewed as “classicists.” Han Yu was the leader of this movement Advocated that literature, in any forms but particularly in prose, should “convey the Dao/Way” and is for the sake of the Dao/Way—the Confucian Dao/Way. They saw literature as a fundamental and guiding aspect of culture and literary men as ones who could help reorder Tang politics and society with their literary skills and classical knowledge. Literary writings should put a premium on moral seriousness as well as political and social obligations Literary men should present the situation of the people to the emperor, in memorials, political poetry, and folk songs They should use their persuasive powers to advise and guide the emperor in his decision-making Han Yu’s notion of “scholar-officials” (shi, 士) Understand that self-cultivation is of fundamental importance because it prepares one to help create social order or restore social and political order to a society long acclimated to Buddhist and Daoist teachings. Understand that only a sage king, who adheres to the Confucian Way, can rule the state effectively Understand the historical trends that have led to the demise of Confucian teaching—the rise of Buddhism and Daoism Understand that the economic problems were caused by n