同翅目homoptera英文简介.ppt

HEMIPTERA The name Homoptera, derived from the Greek homo- meaning uniform and ptera meaning wings, refers to the uniform texture of the front wings . Characteristics Adults: Antennae slender or bristle-like Proboscis short, arising near lower back margin of head Front wings, when present, uniform in texture; at rest, wings fold tent-like over the abdomen Tarsi 1- to 3-segmented Immatures: Structurally similar to adults Always lacking wings Characteristics Homoptera may or may not have wings. All have sucking mouthparts. Wings, when present, are four in number and are held roof-like over the body and are usually membranous. Cicadas and leafhoppers all have wings. Aphids may or may not have wings and are small, typically with a pair of projections (cornicles) arising from the fifth or sixth abdominal segment. Most forms are small or microscopic, cicadas are nearly 3/4-inch long. Life cycle Hemimetabola incomplete development (egg, nymph, adult) Scale insects are wingless; live on branches, roots and leaves; and move around little, if any, after beginning to feed. The body is covered with a hard or waxy covering. Mealybugs are usually wingless; whitish or gray in color; covered with a waxy substance; and move slowly. Metamorphosis is generally considered to be gradual but it is modified in whiteflies and some other Homoptera Habitat All Homoptera feed on plants. Mouthparts are formed for piercing and sucking and the beak arises from the hind part of the head. Leafhoppers, aphids, etc. come in many shapes and sizes. Some species in the order Homoptera give birth to living young. Distribution The Homoptera have the dubious distinction of being probably the most destructive insects of all. They include aphids, leafhoppers, cicadas, and scale insects: approximately 45,000 species worldwide, 6,000 in North America. Some taxonomists place the Homoptera with true bugs, but the current thinking is, the differences are great enough to place them in their own