云南湿地生态系统鱼类物种濒危机制初探.pdfVIP

生物多样性 　第 8 卷 ,第 2 期 ,2000 年 5 月 CHINESE BIODIVERSITY 　8 ( 2) :163～168 , May , 2000 云南湿地生态系统鱼类物种濒危机制初探 周 　伟 ( 西南林学院资源学院, 　昆明　650224) 摘 　要 　湿地生态系统是鱼类生存 、繁衍之地。由于云南地理位置特殊, 鱼类多样性的研究及保护状况 不仅在国内具有重要地位 ,对下游地区或国家也影响极大。因此 , 应引起国内、外生物学界和保护组织 的高度重视。云南鱼类多样性的特点是 :种类丰富、特有类群多; 区系成分复杂、物种类型多样;种群小、 数量少。对云南鱼类物种生存构成威胁的外在因素包括 :围湖造田和沼泽化造成的栖息环境破坏; 引种 产生的物种生存空间及食物的竞争;污染引起的生存环境质量下降;过度捕捞或有害的渔具渔法导致的 种群减小和灭绝;森林覆盖率下降、水源枯竭对栖息地的影响;水电站或水利灌溉大坝等设施对水域环 境的影响。为了保护湿地生态系统中的生物 ,应重视生物各大类群的研究 ,加强鱼类物种灭绝内在机制 的研究, 引进物种应按照严格的法律程序。 关键词 　湿地生态系统 , 鱼类 ,物种濒危机制 , 云南 A preliminary study on endangerment mechanism of freshwater f ish species in wetland ecosystem of Yunnan/ ZHOU Wei Abstract 　Wetland ecosystem is the living and breeding area of fish. Because its special location , the study and conservation of fish diversity of Yunnan are very important not only for China , but for neighboring districts and countries. So it should be paid great attention by biologists and conservation organizations. There are many characteristics in fish fauna of Yunnan , such as abundant species and endemic species , complex fauna and diverse species types and small population size. The following factors affect fish living and breeding : habi tats damaged by reclaiming land from lakes and swamping , competition for space and food from introduced species , worsening environment quality by pollution , population decrease or extinction resulted from over-fish ing , water environment changes by dam and power station , influence from water resources exhaustion and for est declination. All groups of living things and the internal extinctive mechanism of fish species should be stud ied for conserving organisms in wetland ecosystem. The law of species introduction sho