专业英语Ecology.docVIP

Ecology-- Concepts 1 Natural history 自然史 2 Individuals 个体 3 Populations 种群 4 Interactions 相互作用 5 Communities 群落 6 Ecosystems 生态系统 What is ecology? Ecology is the study of relationships between organisms and the environment. However, as you can see from the studies we have reviewed, ecologists study those relationships over a large range of temporal and spatial scales using a wide variety of approaches. Ecology includes bumblebees living around a single bog and vegetation moving across the continent. Ecologists may study processes on plots measured in square centimeters or an entire stream valley. Important ecological discoveries have come from probing of the rain forest canopy and landscape images on a computer screen. Ecology includes all these approaches and many more. 什么是生态学？ 生态学是研究生物与环境之间关系的科学。然后，当你回顾我们已有的研究案例时会发现，生态学家应用了广泛的研究方法在一个巨大的时间和空间尺度上研究这些关系。生态学涵盖尺度从生活在一个土丘上的黄蜂到横跨整个大陆的植被。生态学家可以研究小到平方厘米小块土地上的生态过程或整个河流流域。重要的生态学发现已有来自于对热带雨林冠的探索层和电脑屏幕上的景观图像的分析。生态学不仅包括以上所有还有更多其他的研究方法。 Life on land: Terrestrial biomes Biomes are distinguished primarily by their predominant plants and are associated with particular climates. They consist of distinctive plant formations such as the tropical rain forest biome and the desert biome. Because tropical rain forest and desert are characterized by very different types of plants and animals and occur in regions with very different climates, the natural history of these biomes differ a great deal. The student of ecology should be aware of the major features of those differences. 自然史 陆地上的生命：陆地生物群系 生物群系主要是通过它们的优势植物和相关联的特定气候进行区分的。它们有着与众不同的植被构成比如热带雨林生物群系和沙漠生物群系。 由于热带雨林和沙漠是通过非常不同的植被和动物进行刻画并出现在非常不同的气候区域，这些生物群系的自然史有着巨大的差异。生态学的学生应该对这些区别的重要特征给予关注 3 Individual Ecology 个体生态学 Microclimate: microclimate is climatic variation on a scale of a few kilometers, meters, or even centimeters, usually measured over short periods of time. Macroclimate interacts with the local landscape to produce microclimates. 小气候：小气候是指诸如数公里、米以致数分米范围内小尺度并且通常短时