对我国基本国策若干基本问题的制度分析（载于《改革》）.doc

对我国基本国策若干基本问题的制度分析（载于《改革》） The Institutional Analysis on the Basic Problems about Basic State Policies in China 内容提要：基本国策应是基本国情决定的某类具有全局性、长期性、战略性意义的问题的系统对策。但目前中国的这类政策从命名标准到实施机制都缺少制度性规定，导致基本国策存在名称遭乱用、实施被搁置和冲突待协调等问题。本文探讨了中国的基本国策实然和应然的判定标准，总结了实然标准下已有的七个基本国策的来由和特点，研究了基本国策政策过程中制度化、非制度化因素的影响并在此基础上进行了基本国策实施问题的制度成因分析，最后提出了完善基本国策制定和实施机制的政策建议：标准法定、过程完整；国策上位、保障健全。 关键词：基本国策 确定标准 制度化 实施问题 保障制度 Abstract: Basic state policies should be a certain kind of system countermeasure bearing on overall, long-term and strategic significance, which is decided by basic national conditions. But these policies are lack of system provision from the naming standard to implementation mechanism currently, it led to some problems such as the name of basic state policy was abused, implement was lay on the table and conflicts were needed to coordinate. In this paper, we discussed the judge standard of what the basic state policy is and what the basic state policy should be, and we summarized the origin and characteristics of the seven basic state policies which are in the judge standard of what the basic state policy is. On the other hand, we empirically analyzed the institutional and non-institutional influence in basic state policies process. On this basis, we analyzed the institutional contributing factors of how basic state policies implemented. At last, we provide the policy suggestion about the formulation and implementation mechanism of basic state policies: making standard by law, integrated process, giving priority to implement basic state policies and intact guarantee mechanism. Key Words: Basic state policies; Making standard by law, Institutionalization, Policy implement, Guarantee mechanism 基本国策这个词在政策领域的分量好像显而易见——应该是立国、治国之策当中最基本的政策 1我国基本国策的界定及其基本情况 1.1判定我国基本国策的实然和应然标准 基本国策到底是什么政策？这是一个从未在任何国家级公文里得到定义的概念，也是一个在许多场合都被随口授予的概念。因此，基本国策在民间甚至在官方的误传都很多。例如，相当数量的人认为我国只有计划生育和环境保护两项基本国策，还有一些人认为我国的基本国策很多，诸如科教兴国、一国两制、保护知识产权等。形成这种局面的一个重要原因是我国的基本国策没有明确的界定标准，在许多人心目中只是一种表达对某项政策重视程度的提法，甚至有一些领导在公开场合信口将某方面的事