分布式计算原理与应用Distributed_Computing.ppt

Distributed Computing, M. L. Liu Distributed Objects M. L. Liu Message Passing vs. Distributed Objects Message Passing versus Distributed Objects The message-passing paradigm is a natural model for distributed computing, in the sense that it mimics interhuman communications. It is an appropriate paradigm for network services where processes interact with each other through the exchanges of messages. However, the abstraction provided by this paradigm does not meet the needs of the complexity of sophisticated network applications. Message Passing versus Distributed Objects –2 ?Message passing requires the participating processes to be tightly-coupled: throughout their interaction, the processes must be in direct communication with each other. If communication is lost between the processes (due to failures in the communication link, in the systems, or in one of the processes), the collaboration fails. The message-passing paradigm is data-oriented. Each message contains data marshalled in a mutually agreed upon format, and is interpreted as a request or response according to the protocol. The receiving of each message triggers an action in the receiving process. It is inadequate for complex applications involving a large mix of requests and responses. In such an application, the task of interpreting the messages can become overwhelming. The distributed object paradigm The distributed object paradigm is a paradigm that provides abstractions beyond those of the message-passing model. As its name implies, the paradigm is based on objects that exist in a distributed system. In object-oriented programming, supported by an object-oriented programming language such as Java, objects are used to represent an entity significant to an application. Each object encapsulates: the state or data of the entity: in Java, such data is contained in the instance variables of each object; the operations of the entity, through which the state of the entity can be accessed