历年翻译真题.docVIP

历年翻译真题 2010年 英译汉 ADR=alternative dispute resolution替代性纠纷解决机制 替代性纠纷解决机制采用多种形式，包括：调解mediation，调停conciliation，小型审判mini-trial等。它们的共同点是都不具有约束力non-binding，当采用替代性纠纷解决机制得不到有效的裁决resolution时，双方当事人仍可以采用诉讼的方式解决纠纷。在美国，替代性纠纷解决机制通常包括具有拘束力的仲裁binding arbitration,；而在英国，替代性纠纷解决机制通常指非裁决性方法non-adjudicatory techniques.。英国的争议解决中心（CEDR）的设立就是为了促进替代性争议解决机制的发展。在那里，能够为协商谈判者们negotiators提供一切可能的他们所想采用的争议解决方法和程序，包括：调解mediation，执行庭executive tribunal， 独立专家鉴定independent expert appraisal 以及法院附设仲裁court-annexed arbitration. 绝大多数案件都会采用调解这一争议解决方式。双方公司代表进行谈判，先由一名或多名在所有替代性界分解决机制中都会采用独立顾问independent advisors作为中间人neutrals，听取双方关于案件的简要陈述representation。双方之后被分别带到不同的房间，对各自的观点立场position进行讨论，评估review。然后谈判继续，知道达成双方都满意的协议。一般双方都不会把争议留待之后解决sleep on the decision，而会随之草拟draw up并签署有法律约束力的文件binding documents. 汉译英 CISG Article 24 For the purposes of this Part of the Convention, an offer, declaration of acceptance or any other indication of intention reaches the addressee when it is made orally to him or delivered by any other means to him personally, to his place of business or mailing address or, if he does not have a place of business or mailing address, to his habitual residence. Article 25 A breach of contract committed by one of the parties is fundamental if it results in such detriment to the other party as substantially to deprive him of what he is entitled to expect under the contract, unless the party in breach did not foresee and a reasonable person of the same kind in the same circumstances would not have foreseen such a result. Article 28 If, in accordance with the provisions of this Convention, one party is entitled to require performance of any obligation by the other party, a court is not bound to enter a judgment for specific performance unless the court would do so under its own law in respect of similar contracts of sale not governed by this Convention. 2009年 英译汉 中国代表确认confirm，自加入时起，按议定书（草案）Draft Protocol所列，中国将全面遵守《TRIMS协议》，不援用其中第5条without recourse to Article 5 thereof, 并将取消外汇平衡要求，贸易平衡要求foreign-exchange