Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs and Anxiety Disorders.课件.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * BZ effects are observed at other subunits – example is zolpidem, which acts at the alpha-1 subunit and is effective against insomnia. * * * * * * * * Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs and Anxiety Disorders. Patrick T. Ronaldson, PhD Department of Medical Pharmacology University of Arizona Anxiety Term used to describe both symptoms and disorders Occurs normally as signal of impending danger or threat Very common, occurs in many disorders in addition to the anxiety disorders Differentiated from fear on basis of whether there is a clear source of danger i.e. “fight or flight” response Adaptive value : helps to plan and prepare for threat moderate levels enhance learning and performance Maladaptive when chronic / severe Anxiety Symptoms include : physiological symptoms of activated sympathetic nervous system (increased heart rate, increased respiration, sweating etc.) cognitive component (awareness of being frightened) behavioral components (urge to escape) Anxiety Disorders (DSM-IV) Panic disorder with or without agoraphobia Agoraphobia without panic disorder Specific phobias Social phobia Obsessive compulsive disorder Posttraumatic stress disorder Acute stress disorder Generalized anxiety disorder Anxiety disorder due to a general medical condition Substance-induced anxiety disorder Anxiety disorder not otherwise specified Anxiety Disorders: Prevalence Depression Social anxiety disorder Posttraumatic stress disorder Generalized anxiety disorder Panic disorder Obsessive-compulsive disorder 17% 13% 7.8% 5% 3.5% 2.5% Kessler RC, et al. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994;51:8-19 Stein MB, et al. JAMA 1998;280:708-713 Kessler RC, et al. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1995;52:1048-1060 Lifetime Prevalence of Anxiety Disorders: 25% Spectrum of Depression and Anxiety Disorders Generalized anxiety disorder Depression Social anxiety disorder Panic disorder Obsessive-compulsive disorder Posttraumatic stress disorder Neurobiology of Anxiety Disorders CNS equilibrium is det