13-336不同景观结构下麦田地面甲虫与蜘蛛物种多样性及优势种分布的时空动态-----英文已替返修。返修稿.docVIP

不同景观结构下麦田地面甲虫和蜘蛛物种多样性及优势种分布的时空动态* 刘文惠** 洪 波 胡懿君 贺达汉*** （宁夏大学农学院，银川 750021） 摘要 【目的】揭示在不同景观结构下，麦田地面甲虫和蜘蛛物种多样性及优势种分布的时空动态，为实际小麦生产过程和害虫种群控制提供理论上的依据和方法。【方法】采用地面陷阱法调查，对不同景观结构下地表甲虫和蜘蛛物种多样性的田间分布和时间动态进行分析与模拟。【结果】所得银川平原4种不同景观结构下麦田生境中地表甲虫和蜘蛛17科，92种，计5 683头。蜘蛛和步甲分别占总个体数的15.61%、31.15%。对不同景观结构下地表甲虫和蜘蛛物种多样性的田间分布和时间动态进行分析与模拟，得出：复杂景观结构较简单景观结构的调查区，表现出明显较高的物种多样性。步甲在5月上旬多样性指数最大，随后出现先降后升的趋势；蜘蛛在6月下旬多样性指数最大，之后一直呈现下降趋势。其原因主要是灌水影响了部分地表甲虫和蜘蛛活动所致。【结论】通过绘制了毛青步甲Chlaenius pallipes和星豹蛛Pardosa astrigera种群密度的田间分布图，可看出复杂景观结构调查区较简单景观结构调查区二者种群数量明显较高。 关键词 地面甲虫，蜘蛛，物种多样性，种群时空动态 Space-time dynamic distribution of species diversity and dominant species of ground-dwelling beetle and spider populations on wheat crops in different agricultural landscape structures LIU Wen-Hui** HONG Bo HU Yi-Jun HE Da-Han*** (Agricultural School, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021,China) Abstract 【Objectives】To determine the space-time dynamic distribution of species diversity and dominant species of the ground-dwelling beetle and spider populations of wheat crops in different agricultural landscape structures and to provide a theoretical basis and method for improving wheat production and wheat-pest control.【Methods】Based on a survey, we simulated the spatial and temporal dynamic distribution of carabid beetles and spiders in wheat fields under different landscape structures using the species diversity index. 【Results】A total of 5 683 beetles and spiders comprised of 17 families and 92 species were collected in wheat fields at Yinchuan with different landscape structures. Spiders and carabid beetles respectively comprised 15.61% and 31.15% of this total. More complicated landscape structures had greater species diversity than simpler landscapes. The index of the carabid beetle’s diversity was high in early May, then fell before rising again. Spiders’ diversity index was high in late June after which it remained consistently low. These trends were mainly caused by the effects of irrigation on ground-dwelling spide