外文翻译——交流电.doc

附录 附录A 外文翻译—原文部分 Alternating Current An alternating current is one which varies in the circuit with time. The value of the current at any given instant of time is the instantaneous value of current, symbolized by . The instantaneous value of current is deemed positive for one direction of flow though the cross-section of a conductor, and negative for the opposite direction. The direction of current flow in which instantaneous values are positive is called positive. A current is fully specified, if one knows its instantaneous value as a function of time, =F(t),and its positive direction. Current whose value recur for equal increments of time are called periodic, and the least increment of time for which this recurrent takes place is called the period . For a periodic current = F(t)= F(t+T) Fig.4.1 shows an example of the relationship = F(t) for a periodic current. The arrow in the diagram indicates the positive direction of current flow. The dotted arrows show the actual direction of current flow at the instants of time when 0 and 0. The segments of the curve between points a and b or O and c cover a complete cycle of current alternations over one period. The number of cycle or period per second is the frequency of a periodic current. It is reciprocal of its period. It is usually to specify the frequency of any periodic quantity in cycle per second. Thus the frequency of a periodic current will be 1 cycle per second, if its period is second, or 1cycle/sec.A direct current may be regarded as a special case of a periodic current whose period is infinitely long and the frequency is thus zero. The term alternating current is often used in the narrow sense of a periodic current whose constant(direction-current)component is zero, or The frequencies of alternating current encountered in practice range over wide values. The mains frequency is 50Hz in the Soviet Union and Europe, and 60Hz in the United States. Some in