外文翻译--液压管路和管接头.doc

附录 附录一 英文原文 Hydraulic Conductors and Fittings Eric Sandgren *, T.M. Cameron to account for uncertainty aMechanical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, P .O. Box843015, Richmond, VA 23284-3015, USA Received 19 October 2001;accepted 5 June 2002 1.1 INTRODUCTION In a hydraulic system, the fluid flows through a distribution system consisting of conductors and fittings, which carry the fluid from the reservoir through operating components and back to the reservoir. Since power is transmitted throughout the system by means of these conducting lines (conductors and fittings used to connect system components), it follows that they must be properly designed in order for the total system to function properly. Hydraulic systems use primarily four types of conductors: 1. Steel pipes 2. Steel tubing 3. Plastic tubing 4. Flexible hoses The choice of which type of conductor to use depends primarily on the system’s operating pressures and flow rates. In addition, the selection depends on environmental conditions such as the type of fluid, operating temperatures, vibration, and whether or not there is relative motion between connected components. Conducting lines are available for handling work pressures up to 10,000 Pa or greater. In general, steel tubing provides greater plumbing flexibility and neater appearance and requires fewer fittings than piping. However, piping is less expensive than steel tubing. Plastic tubing is finding increased industrial usage because it is not costly and circuits can be very easily hooked up due to its flexibility. Flexible hoses are used primarily to connect components that experience relative motion. They are made from a large number of elastomeric (rubberlike) compounds and are capable of handling pressures exceeding 10,000 Pa. Stainless steel conductors and fittings are used if extremely corrosive environments are expected. However, they are very expensive and should be used only if necessary. Copper conductors