外文翻译--基本电子学.doc

Basic Electronics 1.1 Receiver Cricuits The purpose of receiver is to select a desired group of frequencies from one transmitter,get rid of all unwanted signals and noise,and then demodulate the signal to obtain the modulating information.The detter the receiver does its job,the closer the demodulated signal will resemble the original signal from the transmitter,Regardless of the type of demodulation required,the main functions performed by a receiver are filtering and amplfying.The superheterodyne receiver is the logical choice for the job. 1.2 Supertheterodyne Receiver Since it is easier to design narrow-band,steep-skrit filters and obtain high gain at lower frequencies,the superhetreceiver is an efficient design.All incoming signals are mixed with the output of a local oscillator and the differece frequency is selected and amplifisd by the intermediate frequency amplifiers.The big benefit is that these amplifiers remain at a fixed frequency and only the RF amplifier and local oscillator need be tunable.Fig.1. is a block diagram of a typical superhet receiver.One further benefit is the fact that the gain is concentrated at two or sometime there different frequencies.This reduces the gain required at any one frequency and leads more stable amplifers.When over 120 dB of RF gain is involved,every little bit help. the function of each item in Fig .1. can be explained as follows: 1. RF amplifier It should have just enough gain,usually about 10 dB,to estabish the overall noise figure of the receiver.The tuned cricuits at the input andoutput need only be selective enough to reject image signal and other spurious signals that could intermodulate and apper at the intermediate frequency.The RF amplifier may also be called on to suppress any tendency for the local oscillator to radiate out to the antenna and interfere with other listenes. 2. Mixerand local osillator The mixer has two input,one from the RF amplifier and one from the local oscillator.The nonlinearities