粒子物理.pptVIP

A lot of people are expecting (hoping for?) surprises, what surprises? Surprises, things beyond the Higgs can be discovered at LHC Grand Unify Theory? Supersymmetry? Extra Space Dimension? String Theory? Fundamental Particles Electromagnetic and weak interactions are unified 統一 into Electroweak. Glashow, Weinberg and Salem: Standard Model Twins Different aspects of the same interaction. But why are W’s much heavier than photon γ? Maybe the plate for W is heavier than γ!!!!!!! How smart! Higgs particles Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking Higgs twists the vacuum, the ground state, the starting point, in such a way that makes W heavier than γ. And it’s everywhere and there is no escape from it. This model is extremely successful, except ……… We havn’t found the Higgs particles, Collider Detector A lot of people are expecting (hoping for?) surprises, what surprises? CMS Large Hadron Collider LHC will be open in 2007 to find Higgs particles. P+P→H+………. Large Hadron Collider LHC will be open in 2007 to find Higgs particles. Large Hadron Collider LHC was open on 9/10. Collider 新粒子在碰撞中產生！ 羅塞福 電子、原子核 質子比我們想像更複雜！ Proton and Neutron are compositions of three quarks (uud and udd). Pion and Kaon are compositions of a quark and an antiquark. 質子與中子是由三個夸克組成！ Pi子是由一個夸克與一個反夸克組成！ 介子 重子 6種風味 Flavors And if the protons and neutrons were a centimeter in diameter; Then the electrons and quarks would be less than the diameter of a hair; and The entire atoms diameter would be greater than the length of 30 football fields! 質子質子間的核力，分解開後應是介於夸克與夸克間的力。 P P 如果質子是由更基本的夸克所組成……那麼 介子 重子 為什麼只有這兩種組合？ 6種風味 Flavors 每一種風味的夸克還可以帶有顏色，顏色共有三種。 + = 紅加反紅等於無色，以白代表。 這是最簡單兩種無色的組合 猜想：自然界的夸克組合必須是無色的！ 紅加藍加綠等於無色 紅加反紅等於無色，以白代表。 帶色的夸克應該可以變色，例如放出一個帶色與反色的物件。 假設放出的過程是”顏色“守恆！ 類比猜想：這個被放出的物件是不是就是把夸克黏在一起的力的來源（媒介子）？ 在質子中，夸克應該是不斷在交換這個帶色的東西！ 在原子中，原子核與電子不斷做電磁作用，不斷交換光子！ 膠子 Gluon 膠子就是把夸克黏在一起的色力的媒介子！ 在色力作用中（強交互作用）中，夸克改變自己的顏色，放出一個媒介子膠子。 核力是夸克與夸克間色力的合成 Quark Confinement 夸克囚禁 Weak Interaction β Decay 聯想：身分的改變，是不是也是一種交互作用？ Ph