曼昆经济学原理课件(下)-宏观部分ch25生产与增长new.pdf

第二十五章 生产与增长 Production and Growth 1 生产与增长 Production and Growth 一国的生活水平依赖于它生产物 品和服务的能力 A country’s standard of living depends on its ability to produce goods and services. 2 生产与增长 Production and Growth 即使在一个国家内，生活水平也 随着时间推移而发生着巨大的变 化 Within a country there are large changes in the standard of living over time. 3 生产与增长 Production and Growth 美国在过去的世纪里，以人均实际GDP衡 量的平均收入每年增长约2个百分点 In the United States over the past century, average income as measured by real GDP per person has grown by about 2 percent per year. 4 生产与增长 Production and Growth 生产率指的是一个工人每小时工作时间所 生产的物品和服务的数量 Productivity refers to the amount of goods and services produced for each hour of a worker’s time. 一个国家的生活水平取决于它的工人的生 产率 A nation’s standard of living is determined by the productivity of its workers. 5 不同的增长经历 The Variety of Growth Experiences Real GDP per Real GDP per Person at Person at End Growth Rate Country Period Beginning of Period of Period (per year) Japan 1890-1997 $1,196 $23,400 2.82% Brazil 1900-1990 619 6,240 2.41 Mexico 1900-1997 922 8,120 2.27 Germany 1870-1997 1,738