语音的生理性质.docVIP

语音的生理性质 The physiological property Speech sounds are made by our speech organs, so they have a biological basis. 语音是音器官发出的，因此具有生理性质。Names of speech organs: 发音器官名称： L. Lips (labia)唇 T. Teeth (dentis)齿 TR. Teeth ridge (Alveolus)齿龈 HP. Hard palate (Palatum)硬腭 SP. Soft palate (Velum)软腭 Uvula 小舌 P. Pharynx咽 BL. Blade of tongue（including the tip）舌叶（包括舌尖） F. Front tongue 前舌 B. Back tongue后舌 E. Epiglottis会厌 FP. Food passage食道 Vocal cords声带 W. Windpipe 气管 (2) Makeup of speech organs and its function. 发音器官构造与功能 The speech organs are the speaking system which consists of the following parts: 发音器官是说话的机制，包括以下部分： ---Breathing organs呼吸器官The lungs and windpipe. 肺和气管---Larynx and vocal cords. 喉与声带。 The larynx is at the upper part of the windpipe. It contains glottis in which there are vocal cords. The airstream coming from the lungs vibrate the vocal cords to make voiced sounds. If it comes through the vocal cords without vibrating the vocal cords, voiceless sounds are produced. 喉腔位于气管的顶端。喉腔内是声带。来自肺部的气流使声带振动发出浊音，如果气流没有是声带振动发出清音。 --The resonance chamber or resonator: 共鸣腔 The resonance chamber consists of three important cavities: the pharyngeal cavity, the nasal cavity and the mouth cavity. The air coming from the lungs may be modified in these cavities in a variety of ways. It passes through the mouth cavity or nasal cavity by pharyngeal cavity. 共鸣腔包括三个重要部分：咽腔，鼻腔和口腔。来自肺部的气流在这三个腔内以各种方式发生变化。气流通过咽腔进入口腔或鼻腔。 The pharyngeal cavity. 咽腔Air coming from the lungs and through the windpipe passes through the glottis, a part of the larynx, which is a bony structure at the end of the windpipe. This is the first point where the sound modification might occur. Lying across the glottis are the vocal cords which are made up of two thin tissues. The two tissues can be held tightly together to cut off the airstream or they can be relaxed to let the air flow pass through freely. The vocal cords can be vibrated by the airstream and result in a voiced sound, or they can be kept apart to let air go th