中国的经济的传统现代和后现代问题.pptVIP

Contrary to the faith of Enlightenment philosophers in England and France, reason cannot sustain democracy. Reason alone cannot tame interests, so a society without traditional sources of authority swings from anarchy to repression. To resolve the inner tensions of democracy, there must be an object of authority or loyalty beyond the groups within society. That source of authority can not be justified with rational argument. As Hannah Arendt wrote, The source of authority ... is always a force external and superior to government. . . . This external force transcends the political realm.“ 与英国和法国启蒙哲学家的信念相反,理性不能支持民主。理性本身不能驯服利益,所以,没有传统权威的社会总是在无政府主义和专制之间摇摆。要解决民主内部的紧张,必须存在权威或超越各个利益集团的忠诚。权威的来源不能用理性的论据所证明。正如阿伦特(Hannah Arendt)所说的,“权威的来源永远是一种超越政府的外在力量,这种外在力量超越政治现实”。 The question now is whether it is possible to frame a set of ideas and images that will provide authority for particular governments. This involves a search for traditions that can both command loyalty and intellectual respect at the same time. This difficult task may be the most important for constructive postmodern thought. It is a task well suited for its combination of story-telling, tolerance of ambiguity, and intellectual synthesis of multiple strands of tradition. 现在的问题是,是否有可能制定一套观念和形象来为某个特定的政府提供权威。这牵涉到是否能找到一个既能具备忠诚,同时又在思想上获得敬重的传统。这也许是建构后现代主义最重要最困难的任务。这个任务适合于后现代主义,因为它能结合历史叙述,宽容含糊性,并在多条传统线索中达到思想综合。 The need for this work on the discovery of a basis for authority is not unique to China. The disintegration of authority is also a growing problem in Western countries. It is not obvious because there is continuity of government, but the legitimacy of every government in the world is now questioned more and more each year. Basic institutions are slowly eroding as a result. 发现权威基础的需要并非中国所独有的,权威的瓦解在西方国家也正在成为一个问题。它不明显是因为存在政府的连续性,但是,世界上每个政府的合法性正在逐年受到越来越多的质询,结果,政府的基本建制正逐渐被侵蚀。 If China is to avoid that problem, it must develop a basis of authority. It seems highly unlikely that Marxism can provide it.