辽宁工业大学——陈志贤：定语从句分析与各关系代词、关系副词的区别应用专讲.docVIP

定语从句 简而言之，在一个已经非常完整的句子结构内存在着另外一个具有主谓结构的句子来充当句子某个成分的定语修饰，它可以修饰句子中代词、名词（或名词短语）等。作用相当于形容词，所以又名形容词性从句。 定语从句的结构 先行词+关系词+从句的其他部分。 定语从句的中心内容都是围绕先行词类型来确定相应的关系词，这里包括关系代词和关系副词。 The girl is my girlfriend. She is dancing with my brother. The girl is my girlfriend(先行词) who（关系代词） is dancing with my brother. 先行词，即被关系词所指代的内容，并且被后面的从句所修饰或限制；关系词，重复指代先行词，起着连接主句和从句的作用并在从句中充当某种成分。 Have you met the man (先行词) about whom（关系代词） he was speaking? Have you met the man (先行词) that（关系代词） he was speaking about? The girl (先行词)）to whom（关系代词I spoke is my cousin. The girl (先行词) that/who（关系代词） I spoke to is my cousin. 2. 先行词的说明 先行词不仅仅指代一个词，它的范围比较广，可以是词、短语、分句或句子等等，先行词只不过是我们对于关系词所指代内容一个称谓罢了。 He will become the man that/which his father wants him to be. He was awarded a good medal which the whole family considered a great honor. He likes playing basketball, which is a good exercise. Li Na said he had no time, which isn’t true. He arrived an hour later, which annoys his girlfriend. My girlfriend likes dancing with other guys, which really drives me crazy. 补充：一般来说先行词是紧挨着后面的关系词，但我们所有的判断都应该建立在分析句子结构，理解句子的意思，了解从句缺什么补什么，进而确定先行词以及相应的关系词。 The man lives next to the door is a great scientist. This is an interesting book written by American novelist which/that I have read recently. He laughs best who laughs best. Never leaves that until tomorrow which you can do today. 3关系词的类型： 关系词 先行词所指 关系词在句中作用 关系 代词 that 人/物 主、宾、表 which 物 主、宾、 who 人 主、宾 whom 人 宾 whose 人/物 定 as 人/物/事情 主、宾、表 关系 副词 when 时间 时间状语 where 地点 地点状语 why 原因 原因状语 关系代词:who﹑whom﹑that﹑which﹑whose；关系副词:where﹑when﹑why 关系词的作用： 1) 连接作用,把主句和从句连接起来;2) 替代作用,在从句中代替在它前面的先行词;3) 成分作用在从句中充当一个成分. 4. 定语从句类型 根据关系词与先行词的紧密程度，定语从句分为限制性定语从句和费限制性定语从句。即根据先行词与其后面的从句的松紧程度(限制性定语从句：是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整；非限制性定语从句：只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。标志：先行词与其后从句的关系词中间以逗号隔开。 Her brother, who is now a soldier, always encourages her to go to college.（还有其他哥哥） Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college.（只有这一个哥哥） 1）非限制性定语从句 I have