材料科学与工程基础经典课件Fundamental3.ppt

Fundamentals of Material Science and Engineering 材料科学与工程基础 * * Chapter 3 3. Structure of Metals and Ceramics 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Fundamental concepts 3.3 Unit cells 3.4 Metallic crystal structures 3.5 Density computations----Metal 3.6 crystal systems Structure of Metals and Ceramics Chapter 3 Structure of Metals and Ceramics 3.1 Introduction Structure: Atomic bond Crystal structure subatomic Examples for the relationship between crystal structure and property: Deformed metals Crystalline and noncrystalline materials Chapter 3 Structure of Metals and Ceramics 3.2 Fundamental concepts Crystalline materials: in which atoms are situated in a repeating or periodic array over large atomic distance / “long-range order（长程有序）” Noncrystalline / Amorphous materials: Crystal structures: Atomic hard sphere model lattice （晶格） Chapter 3 Structure of Metals and Ceramics 3.3 Unit Cells (晶胞) Unit cell: the basic structure unit or building block of the ctrystal structure and defines the crystal structure by virtue of its geometry and the atom position within. Small repeat entities Parallelepiped or prism Represent the symmetry of the crystal structure with highest level of symmetry Chapter 3 Structure of Metals and Ceramics 3.4 Metallic crystal structures Three simple crystal structure: face-centered cubic （f.c.c 面心立方） body-centered cubic (b.c.c 体心立方） hexagonal close-packed (h.c.p 密排六方) Chapter 3 Structure of Metals and Ceramics face-centered cubic: unit cell of cubic geometry, with atoms located at each corners and the centers of all the cube faces 4 whole atoms are assigned to one unit cell; coordination number: 12; atomic packing factor (APF) : 0.74 Chapter 3 Structure of Metals and Ceramics Body-centered cubic: unit cell of cubic geometry, with atoms located at each corners and a single atom at the cube center. 2 whole atoms are assigned to one unit cell; coordination number: 8; atomic packing factor (APF) : 0.68 Chapter 3 Structure of Metals