(修改)洮河滩地柳树护岸林的营造与防护效应.docVIP

附件3： 洮河滩地柳树护岸林的营造与防护效应 摘 要：为减少洮河水流对河岸的冲刷和入黄泥沙量，在洮河滩地用个柳树新品种以4种密度配置营造护岸林，对其生长情况和防护效应进行观测，结果表明，J172柳的成活生长表现最好，3a生平均树高为7.07m，平均胸径为11.82cm；2m×2m和3m×3m的密度配置是最佳的护岸林密度配置；密度越大，阻拦的泥沙越厚，最佳的密度配置3a阻拦泥沙平均厚为1.36m，可有效的阻拦泥沙输入黄河。 关键词：柳树；护岸林；生长情况；防护效应 he Taohe River Bottomland and Analysis of Its Protective Effect Abstract: For diminish Taohe Water toward riverside erode and diminish mud and sand amount into the Yellow river,three varieties of willow were planted using four densities to establish the woods to protecting shore in the Taohe river bottomland. Its growth situation and protective effect were observed. The results showed that: both the living situation and growth of J172 were best; the average height of trail trees planted three years ago was 7.07m, and the average chest diameter of its was 11.82cm; the best densities of willow woods to protecting shore were 2m×2m and 3m×3m; the more the density of the woods, the more thickness of mud and sand were resisted; the best density was these trail trees planted three years ago and the average thickness of mud and sand it can resist was 1.36m, which can resist mud and sand effectively to enter into the Yellow river. Key words: Willow; The woods to protecting shore; Growth situation; Protective effect 洮河是黄河上游的重要支流，位于甘肃省西南部，源出甘肃与青海两省边境的西倾山北麓勒尔当,源地高程4260m，东流到岷县折向北流，经临洮、广河县至永靖县境内刘家峡水库注入黄河，全长673km。每年注入黄河的水量为54.2亿m3，占黄河入海水量的11.2％；每年输入黄河的泥沙有0.36亿m3，占甘肃省境内黄河流域年输沙量的6.95％［1］。洮河流经本区时由于河流的侵蚀作用非常强烈，冲刷严重，致使河道两岸塌陷十分剧烈，引起河道堵塞，冲毁道路和农田［2］。柳树（Salix Linn）S.viminalis L.）和准噶尔柳（S.songarica Anderss.），1987年从新疆引进（以下简称对照）。在临夏州林科所育苗基地进行培育，栽植时选用3a根2a干的健壮大苗，平均苗高2.4m，平均地径2.8cm，于2006年4月进行栽植，面积2.2hm2。 2.2 方法 2.2.1 整地 栽植前深翻土壤去除杂灌草根，平整土地消除低洼积水，为幼林生长创造良好的土壤条件。栽植穴的的大小、深浅与土壤质地及河水淹没程度有关，洮河滩地为淤积土壤，其结构紧密质地粘重。在洮河水位上涨时有不同程度的洪水淹没，因此在栽植时应挖0.6m×0.6m×1.0m的深穴，这样在水淹退水后，幼树不易倾倒。 2.2.2 栽植季节 当地4月的平均温度在12℃左右，气候温暖，这时滩地的地下水位较低，是栽植柳树的大好时机。苏柳一般发芽较早，选择在4月上、中旬栽植；对照的发芽较苏柳大约迟20d，在4月下旬至5月上旬栽植为宜。 2.2.3 密度配置 滩地造林一般采用宽行窄株的栽植方式，行的方向一般与汛期洪水流动方向垂直，这样更有利于阻淤拦泥［3］。造林密度视滩地的特定条件而定，滩面高程较低，与常年汛期水位差距小的地