试论_左传_国语_天象纪事的史料价值.pdfVIP

·68 · 　　　　　　史 　学 　月 　刊 　　　　　　　　　　　 2009 年 　　第 1 期 ·专题研究 · 试论《左传》《国语》天象纪事的史料价值 张 培 瑜 ( 中国科学院 南京紫金山天文台 ,江苏 南京 2 10008) [ 关键词] 《左传》;《国语》; 日食 ;五星 ;天象纪事 [摘 　要] 《左传》《国语》并称《春秋》内、外传 。经过对春秋内、外传的日食和天象记载作初步考查 ,可以 得出这样的结论 :《左传》《国语》记载的岁星位置 、灭虢天象 、《国语 ·周语》伶州鸠所述伐纣天象等等 ,均非 观测实录 ,都是战国后人据传闻并依后来时代的天文知识推算附入的 ,尤其不能根据伶州鸠所述伐纣天象 推求克商年代 。太史公采用《左氏春秋》《国语》等大量史实来撰写《史记》的两周历史 ,却完全没有选用现 存本《左氏春秋》《国语》特有诸多天象记载中的任何一条 ,这是非常值得后人深思的。 [ 中图分类号] K05 ; K04 = 2 1 　[ 文献标识码] A 　[ 文章编号] 058302 14 (2009) 0 1006811 Primary Research on the Val ue of the Celestial Phenomena Recorded in Zu oz hu a n and Guoyu ZHAN G Peiyu ( ) P u rp le M ount ai n Observ atory , Chi nese A ca demy of S ciences , N anj i ng 2 10008 , J i angs u , Chi na Key words : Z uoz h uan; Guoy u ; solar eclip ses ;five p rincip al p lanet s ;celestial p henomena Abstract : Z uoz h uan and Guoy u are import ant document s. Z uoz h uan repleni shes t he hi storical fact s of The Sp ring and Aut umn Annal s. Z uoz h uan and Guoy u , mut ually complement ary , are document s of comp anion volumes. The celestial p henomena recor ded in Z uoz h uan and Guoy u have been st udied in t hi s p ap er . The following conclu sion s have been reached :t he J upit er location ,t he p henomena about t he war again st King Zhou and t he dest ruction of st at e Guo , and so on ,were not aut hentic records at all . They were calculat ed in accor dence wit h t he hear say by lat er generation s during t he Warring St at es p eriod . So we cannot inquire into t he year of King Wu ’s conquest over Shang on t he ba