物理光的干涉课件.ppt

Part1 Review of Interference Part 2 examples * 2010年11月4日 half-wavelength loss Newton’s Rings wedge-shaped thin film 半波损失 劈尖 牛顿环 index of refraction refraction law 折射定律 折射率 相干光源 平行平面薄膜 Coherence source parallel plane thin film 1. The same vibrating direction 2. Same frequency 3. Stable phase difference Coherence source P 2 1 Two ways of getting coherent light Amplitude-splitting分振幅 Wave front-splitting分波阵面 * source Young’s experiment, Lloyd mirror film interference Michelson interferometer p · r1 ? ? r2 ? x x0 x I ?x x L d o 1.Young’s Double-slit experiment d λ，L d Wave path difference ： Phase difference ： constructive destructive ? The central position of the mth bright fringes is The central positions of the mth dark fringes is The bright (dark) fringes are equally spaced (1) 一系列平行的明暗相间的等间距条纹； (2) 中央条纹是明纹 明纹:m =0,1,2…(整数级) 暗纹:m =0,1,2…(整数级) Discussion: (3) 当L不变时， (4) 白光入射，中央仍是明纹，其余各级次按波长不 同排成光谱 2.Thin film interference For vertical incident 厚度d相同的光线对应同一条干涉条纹——等厚条纹 half-wavelength loss 半波损失 a 两头夹 with half-wavelength loss b 递变型 No half-wavelength loss Bright fringe Dark fringe Pattern : a series straight fringes—fringe of equal thickness 3.wedge-shaped Discussion (1)棱边处 为暗纹. (2)相邻明纹（暗纹） 间的厚度差 (3)条纹间距 ? b ?d dk dk+1 bright dark L D θ越小，条纹间距越大，条纹越疏。 干涉条纹的移动 4. Newton’s rings Consist of a flat glass and a planoconvex Optical Path difference R Bright fringe Dark fringe r d Air gap R r d Dark ring Bright ring (1) 无论入射光波长如何，中心永远是暗点。 Discussion: (2) 各亮纹彼此不等间距，半径越大，级次越高，相距越密集（里疏外密） With half-wavelength loss No half-wavelength loss incident wave reflected wave Refracted wave Example3 Known :d = 460 nm Find:What color would (1) a pilot (2) a diver see? Only l2 is in the visible range-green. Solution:(1) *