EIS分析.doc

Supplementary Data Active nano-CuPt3 electrocatalyst supported on graphene for enhancing reactions at the cathode in all-vanadium redox flow batteries Cristina Flox*1, Javier Rubio-Garcia1, Raquel Nafria 1, Reza Zamani 1,2, Marcel Skoumal 1, Teresa Andreu 1, Jordi Arbiol 2,3, Andreu Cabot1, 4, Joan Ramon Morante 1,4 1Catalonia Institute for Energy Research, IREC, Barcelona, 08930, Spain; 2Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain; 3Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avan?ats, ICREA, Barcelona, 08010, Spain 4Departament d’Electrònica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain; S1. Electrode preparation Both, Pt and CuPt3 nanoparticles were synthesized following previously published procedures (S1). The colloidal synthesis allowed obtaining highly faceted particles with controlled morphology, nanocubes. 0.7 mg of nanoparticles were incorporated on the GO as colloidal solutions in hexane by drop-casting. Upon evaporation of the solvent, the long alkyl chain stabilizer was removed by ligand exchange using hydrazine during 30 minutes followed by a heat treatment at 140oC for 300 minutes. S2. TEM and SEM characterization The average size was 9.6 ± 1.6 nm and 6.4 ± 0.7 nm respectively for Pt and CuPt3 nanocube shaped particles. The composition of the bimetallic particles was confirmed by means of Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) measurements. Mappings of each element are shown in Fig. 1c, where Cu and Pt are found to be homogenously distributed inside of the particle and at its surface. CuPt3 cell structure has been identified by means of HRTEM and simulated to be a crystalline cubic phase in 225 space group with a cell parameter of 3.845 ?. This parameter is in agreement with the proposed stoichiometry of the CuPt3 nanoparticles. SEM characterization for the HTGO electrode has been shown in Fig. S1. Fig.S1 SEM image for the HTGO electrode S3. XPS characterization The reduction with hydrazine was employed