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Geometric Modelling in Functional Style
Geometric Modelling in Functional Style
Jerzy Karczmarczuk
University of Caen, France
Abstract. Modelling of 3D objects is a venerable subdomain of the applied geometry, too often coded in a
crude way, with elegance sacrificed for the sake of efficiency. We propose to exploit the modern lazy func-
tional programming to generate 3D surfaces, insisting upon the genericity of the underlying mathematics.
We show how to generate easily the generalized sweeps thanks to the algorithmic differentiation proce-
dures. The interest of this paper is mainly methodologic, but all solutions are practical, although they are
extremely short. We show a simple but decent technique of parametrizing curves through their chord-length,
using lazy series development. The relation between functional programming methods and the computer
graphics world is concisely reviewed.
1 Introduction
Being well adapted to the manipulation of abstractions, functional languages bridge the gap between the com-
puter codes, and the realm of formal mathematical objects. This gap is still excessive, and may be harmful.
Such is the situation in the field of image synthesis and modelling, where for efficiency programs use several
optimization tricks not always easy to explain, and where the portable representations of 3D objects are often
of very low level (B-representation: lists of vertices which form polygonal surfaces, e.g. the DXF, OOGL or
NFF formats.)
On the other hand, a high level, linguistic description of 3D objects is not effective. We might write cylin-
derwith some parameters in, say, VRML, but this is just a symbolic representation, which will be parsed, put
into the correspondence with an internal object, transformed, converted into a mesh or an equation adapted
for a ray tracer, and
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