口译翻译练习中国城乡社会家庭结构与功能的变迁.docVIP

中国城乡社会家庭结构与功能的变迁 The Changes of the structures and functions of Chinese Families 在上个世纪70年代中期开始实施的计划生育政策,以及工业化、城市化和现代化进程的双重推进下,近年来,中国城乡社会的家庭结构和家庭婚姻制度发生了巨大而深刻的变化: Under the promotion of both the introduction of Birth Control Policies in mid-1970s, and the process of industrialization, urbanization and modernization, the household functions and the marriage system in Chinese society have been undergoing dramatic changes in recent years. 传统的大家庭模式越来越多地被以核心家庭为主的多样化的小家庭模式所取代; Traditional extended families have been increasingly replaced by various small household patterns, especially nuclear families. 与此相一致的是,以父辈为权威的大家庭越来越多地让位于以子女,特别是独生子女为中心的小家庭制度 Correspondingly, big families with the elder as authorities are giving place to smaller families with children, especially the only children, as the centers. 人口老龄化进程的加速与家庭制度的演变,使得养老问题的严峻性愈加凸现; The changes of family patterns, along with the acceleration of population aging in the country, make the provision of the elder a severe problem. 传统的婚姻观念正在经受着现代价值观念和生活方式的冲击,结婚率、生育率下滑，和离婚率上升,使得婚姻制度的重要性在下降。 Traditional values on marriage are under the impact of modern values and life styles. The importance of marriage is decreasing due to the decline of marriage rate and birth rate, and the rising of divorce rate. 一般来说,家庭有五种基本功能:生产功能、消费功能、人口再生产功能、养育子女和赡养老人的功能、满足家庭成员生理和心理需要的功能。 Generally, families have 5 basic functions, namely production, consumption, reproduction, provision for the young and elderly, satisfaction of the physical and mental needs of members. 在今天,社会化大生产和市场经济下的专业化分工,以及家庭结构和家庭制度的变迁,已经使得家庭的许多基本社会功能出现萎缩或被取代: Today, some basic social functions of families have been weakened and even replaced due to mass production and the specialization of production in market economy, as well as the changes in family structures and family patterns. 社会化大生产在城市中已基本取代了家庭的生产功能,家庭在很大程度上已不再是组织生产的基本单位; Families are no longer the basic unit of social production, since mass production has already taken the place of the family function of producti