句子的翻译方法 主语.ppt

主语的确定 汉英翻译实践中，可采取三种方法 以原句主语作译文主语 重新确定主语 增补主语 以原句主语作译文主语 英语句子中的主语只能是名词、主格人称代词、或名词性词语。如果汉语原文有明确的主语，而该主语由名词或主格人称代词充当时，可以以原文主语作为英译文的主语： 我们的房子是一百多年前建造的。 Our house was built over a hundred years ago. 假日里，青年人双双对对漫步在公园里。 The young people in pairs and couples rambled about the park on holidays. 以原句主语作译文主语 然而悲惨的皱纹，却也从他的眉头和嘴角出现了。 Miserable wrinkles began to appear between his eyebrows and round his mouth. 如果说，词汇是语言的“建筑材料”，那么句子便是文章的“基本部件。 If vocabulary is the “building materials” for language, sentences are the “fundamental parts” of writings. 中国有两点是靠得住的，一是讲原则，二是说话算数。 China can be counted on. Among other things, first, it upholds principles and second, it honors its words. 以原句主语作译文主语 人有失错，马有漏蹄。 As a horse may tumble, so a man may make mistakes. 欢乐的人群宛如大海的波涛，从街道上汹涌而过。 The jubilant crowd surged through the streets like the sea waves. 汉英之间思维的巨大差异，并不能保证总能将汉语中的主语完全地转换到英语中。直接转换虽然便捷，但是所运用的场合有限。如果保留原来主语不妥，那么就要另觅它法了。 重新确定主语 为保证译文逻辑通顺、行文流畅、语言自然地道，行使与原文类似的功能，需要重新选择、确定主语。用来替换原主语的，可以是句子中的其它成分，也可以是句外的词语。 他身材魁梧，生一副大长方脸，嘴巴阔大，肌肤呈着紫檀色。 He was a giant of man with a long square face, a wide mouth and a complexion suffused with the color of red sandalwood. 重新确定主语 鲁迅的骨头是最硬的，他没有丝毫的奴颜和媚骨，这是殖民地半殖民地人民最可贵的性格。 Lu Hsun was a man of unyielding integrity, free from all sycophancy or obsequiousness; this quality is invaluable among colonial and semi-colonial peoples. 幸亏这些青年妇女，白洋淀长大的，她们摇得小船飞快。小船活像开了水皮的一条打跳的梭鱼。 It was lucky that all these young wives had grown up by the river: their boat went like the wind. It shot forward like some flying fish, hardly skimming the water. 重新确定主语 世纪之交，中国外交空前活跃。 The turn of the century finds China most active on the diplomatic arena. At the turn of the century, China is very active in its diplomatic activities. 一九六四年十月中国爆炸了第一颗原子弹，使世界大为震惊。 Chinas first atomic blast in October, 1964 was a great shock to the rest of the world. In October, 1964, China blasted its first atomic bomb, which shocked the rest of the world greatly. 重新确定主语 胎又瘪了。 We’ve got another flat tire. 语言