chapter_1_crystal_structure_of_metals.pdfVIP

Materials for Mechanical EngineeringMaterials for Mechanical Engineering 机械工程材料机械工程材料 Chapter 1Chapter 1 Crystal Structure of MetalsCrystal Structure of Metals 金属的晶体结构金属的晶体结构 A. Prof. Hui WANG （王辉） CourseCourse TeamTeam ofof MMEMME School of Materials Science and Engineering-SCUT 2011 Spring Contact mehwang@scut.edu.cn, #8-235, Tel: 座机电话号码 MME_C1_CRYSTAL_STRUCTURE_OF_METALS 2 Outline 1. Metallic bonding 22. TTypiicall crysttall sttructture off mettalls 3. Crystallographic direction and plane 4. Crystal defects Objective ? UUndderstandd bbasiic concepts off crystall structure: ? metallic bond, BCC, FCC, HCP ? Miller crystallographic index ? dislocation, grain, grain boundary, and their roles 1 MME_C1_CRYSTAL_STRUCTURE_OF_METALS 3 1. Metallic bonding 金属键 B2: 2-5 MME_C1_CRYSTAL_STRUCTURE_OF_METALS 4 Features of metals ? Good strength, ductility, and electrical conductivity ? MetallicMetallic bondingbonding 2 MME_C1_CRYSTAL_STRUCTURE_OF_METALS 5 Metallic bonding 金属键 ? electrostatic attraction between free valence electrons and positively charged ion cores ? sea of electron 电子气 ? no directionality 无方向性 ? comparing with ionic bonding and covalent bonding Atoms are regularly and closely arranged MME_C1_CRYSTAL_STRUCTURE_OF_METALS 6 Binding of atoms ? Electrostatic attraction and repulsion balance at a equilibrium bonding distance, r0 with a minimum binding energy ? More atoms pack regularly Two atoms interaction model 3 MME_C1_CRYSTAL_STRUCTURE_OF_METALS 7 Binding of atoms ? Atoms always tend to pack closely to further minimize the binding energy. For ionic bonding or covalent bonding Triple atoms interaction model MME_C1_CRYSTAL_STRUCTURE_OF_METALS 8 Packing of atoms ? Dense, regular packing ? atoms pack in periodic, 3D arrays Crystalline materials 晶体材料... crystalline SiO2 ? Non-dense, random packing Noncrystalline materials 非晶 Energy typical neighbor bond length typical neighbor r noncrystalline SiO2 bond energy unstable 4 MME_C1_CRYSTAL_STRUCTUR