chemical bonding-summary.pdfVIP

Chemistry Guru :: Making Chemistry Simpler :: .sg CHEMICAL BONDING – SUMMARY Type of substance Substance Metal Ionic compound Simple covalent Giant covalent compound / discrete compound / giant molecule molecule Examples Fe, Al, Cu NaCl, MgO, Fe O H O, CO , HCl diamond, graphite, 2 3 2 2 SiO2 Structure regular lattice of giant regular lattice discrete molecules giant molecule positively charged of oppositely where there are where there are cations surrounded charged ions strong covalent strong and extensive by sea of delocalized bonds between covalent bonds electrons atoms within the between atoms held molecules in a giant lattice Bonding Metallic bond: Ionic bond: electrostatic forces electrostatic forces of electrostatic electrostatic of attraction attraction between the attraction between attraction between between the 2 nuclei 2 nuclei and the positively charged oppositely charged and the shared pair shared pair of cations in a giant ions in a giant of electrons between electrons between regular lattice and regular lattice them them the delocalized electrons from the Ionic bonds are non- Covalent bonds are valence shells of the directional in all directional metal atoms. directions Attractive strong metallic strong ionic bonds weak intermolecular strong and extensive forces to bonds forces of attraction covalent bonds overcome id-id interaction, pd- during pd interaction or H- melting/ bonding boiling Remarks Melting point α Melting point α valency. Larger strength of ionic bond valency, greater α lattice energy α + - charge of metal cation | q q / r + r | + - and more delocalized q – charge of ion - e , hence stronger r – radius of ion metallic bond, higher only accurate for mp. highly ionic compounds Diamond Graphite Silicon Dioxide 1 Chemistry Guru :: Making Chemistry Simpler :: .sg Exercise 1 Explain the melting point trends of the following sets of substance 0 0 0 a. Na – 97.7 C Mg – 650 C Al – 660 C 0 0 0 b. NaF – 993 C NaCl – 801