Chinese Biographies of Experts in Medicine.pdfVIP

East Asian Science, Technology and Society: an International Journal DOI 10.1007/s12280-009-9101-x Chinese Biographies of Experts in Medicine: What Uses Can We Make of Them? Florence Bretelle-Establet Received: 21 April 2009 /Accepted: 22 September 2009 # National Science Council, Taiwan 2009 Abstract After a long eclipse in the European academic world that favored other forms of narrative and other sources, biographies have resurfaced in historical research over the last three decades. Renewed interest in biographies for research in the humanities in general has, in turn, launched a reevaluation among historians, sociologists, and demographists of biography and the biographical method. Benefiting from this reflection that mainly focuses on the European biographical tradition, this paper analyzes biographical enterprise within the Chinese tradition by relying on a broad collection of official biographies of people who were locally renowned for their skills in medicine during the Qing dynasty (1644– 1911). By using an approach that combines a quantitative and qualitative analysis of a series of 422 biographies briefly described in this paper, it first sheds light on the features and function of these narratives. Then, it demonstrates how, in spite of their limitations, biases, and heterogeneity, these biographies of medical experts can provide crucial material for reconstructing the medical landscape at a specific time and place without limiting it to the handful of men whose writings have survived. This article is based on two lectures I gave in Cambridge at the Needham Research Institute (23 May 2003) and in Paris at REHSEIS (20 January 2009). I am grateful to the various people who, thanks to their questions and criticisms, helped me to refine my argument. Among them, Lisa Raphals, Sonja Brentjes, John Mof