“全都„„只有„„”构式的认知语用分析.pdfVIP

背景和图形的作用。全称是由于受到连续和闭合倾向的影响而形成的主观全量， 而句子中的前后矛盾其实是主观全量和客观反例的对立，并非真正的前后矛盾。 在有标记的这一构式中，由于客观反例处于特定语用梯级的较低端，受梯级推理 的影响，特称句由图形最终转变为背景事件，全称句成为图形。有标记结构由无 标记结构发展而来，拓展了这一构式的语用功能。 “全都„„只有„„”构式虽然存在字面上的矛盾，但仍被人们接受。它们 被应用于文学作品、日常语言当中。在反预期相关理论的基础上，本文通过分析 认为，与完全合乎语法的其它方式相比，这一构式具备反预期的语用功能，使得 图形事件更为突显。同时，其中的全称凝聚了说话人更强烈的情感和态度，使这 种表达方式更易于传递主观上的感受。 关键词：全都„„ 只有„„；图形；背景；反预期；梯级推理 A Cognitive-pragmatic Analysis of quan dou … zhi you … Construction Abstract The case studies towards some marginal language phenomena play very important roles in the linguistic research. They describe the features of the language structures in great detail and expose the motivations of the language production and usage. Also, they drive us to reevaluate the importance of the grammar and to explore the relation between language and cognition. The present target is the Chinese construction named quan dou(全都) … zhi you(只有) … construction (QZ construction) in this paper. Based on the previous studies, this paper attempts to give it an overall description and analyze it from the perspective of cognitive linguistics and pragmatics. The inseparable and asymmetrical relation between the two clauses, the cognitive reason for the literal contradiction and the particular pragmatic function are explored under this approach. Moreover, the data collected in this paper prove that this construction is acceptable despite its ungrammatical nature. Yu Genyuan (1982), Xu Shenghuan (2010), Wu Bingzhang (2010), Yuan Yulin and Wang Minghua (2011) have discussed this construction in their papers. Yu (1982) claims its legitimacy in natural language. Xu (2010) propounds that it takes the advantage of the tolerance mechanism of the generic sentences. Wu (2010) and Yuan Wang (2011) hol