《English Training July 2016-- Lesson four》.pptx

English Training Lesson Four;;1.unless 一句我们可以先简化成: Unless the shipper wants to attend to formalities himself, … = If shipper does not attend to formalities himself, … unless 翻译成 “除非” 或者 “如果不” 只有当unless 解释成 “ 如果不 ” 的时候, 它才可以和 if not 互换句型. e.g. I shall go tomorrow unless it rains.  2. attend (1) 及物动词. 解释 “出席, 参加” 例如: attend a meeting (2) 不及物动词, 介词的固定搭配往往是 to. 解释 “注意, 专心, 专注” 例如: attend to one’s work (3) 其名词形式. attention 例如: pay attention to e.g. I asked you to pay attention to tools in his work.(4) 其形容词形式. attentive 介词的搭配还是 to  3.the procedural and documentary formalities (1) the procedural formalities (程序上的手续) procedural 形容词, “程序上的” procedure 名词, “程序,步骤,过程” ;(2) the documentary formalities (单证上的手续) documentary 形容词, “单证上的” documentary 一词在金融、贸易领域用得比较多, 例如: documentary draft (跟单汇票) document 名词或动词, “单证, 为......提供单证” (3) formality (正式的手续, 通常用名词的复数形式表示) the customs formalities (海关手续) go through due formalities (经过正式手续)  句子中其他需要解释的地方还有: 4.句末的himself 解释 “亲自”, 有强调主语或突出主语行为的作用.  我们可以这样理解: 如果发货人或收货人不想自己亲自去办理那些 繁杂手续的话… ;5. it is ...... 一句我们可以先简化成: ... it is the freight forwarder who undertakes to process the movement of goods...  (1) it + be + 被强调成分 + that / who ...是强调结构 所谓强调结构就是句子当中要特别强调 被强调成分, 这里特别强调 the freight forwarder, 字面翻译也往往加上 “正是,就是” (2)undertake to do sth. = agree to do sth. = promise sb sth. e.g. When you undertake a task or job, you start doing it and accept responsibility for it. 从事; 承担6. process 这里,我们和这个 process 打交道不是头一回了: (1) process 名词. process = series of operations deliberately undertaken 例如: distribution process (2) process 动词. process = to prepare and examine in details 例如: process the movement of goods ;我们注意到不管这个 process 解释程序也好, 还是解释准备,处置也罢, 在它的英文解释中都含有审慎的意思. 有的时候中文也有言不达意的地方 7. movement: 移动，动向 ( 在这里引申为“运输”) .句子中其他需要解释的地方还有: 8... through the various stages involved. (1) the various stages = a different period / part in a course of action (2) involve 在做动词时有许多解释: a.使...陷入,拖累 b. 包围,笼罩 c.包括,包含,含有: 我以为第三个含义比较符