《现代大学英语精读5_lesson_4_Professions_for_Women》.ppt

Lesson 4 Professions for Women Contents Contents Warm up: sexism against women Background: Virginia Woolf; Stream of Consciousness Text appreciation: the organization of the speech; the characteristic of language in the speech; the rhetorical devices Extension: introduction to the most influential women in the world In which fields are women discriminated? Sexism against Women The term sexism is most commonly applied to sexism against women, and expressed by either men or women is called male chauvinism. Historically, in many patriarchal societies, women have been and are viewed as the weaker sex. Womens lower status can be seen in cases. Women’s social status women did not receive the vote in the U.S. until 1920 and in the U.K. until 1918. New Zealand 1894, Australia 1914, Britain 1918( over 30, and 1928 for all women) America (1920) Japan (1954) China (1953) In a survey, the percentage of women aged 15–49 who thought that a husband is justified in hitting or beating his wife under certain circumstances, was 90% in Jordan, 85.6% in Guinea [‘ɡini] , 85.4% in Zambia, 81.2% in Laos, and 81% in Ethiopia [i:θi’?upj?] Women in the past have been excluded from higher education. When women were admitted to higher education, they were encouraged to major in subjects that were considered less intellectual; the study of English literature in English and U.S. colleges and universities was in fact instituted as a field of study considered suitable to womens lesser intellects.“ Women have historically been excluded from participation in many professions. When women have gained entry into a previously male profession, they have faced many additional obstacles Professional discrimination continues today, according to studies done by Cornell University and others. It has been hypothesized that gender bias has been influencing which scientific research gets published. This hypothesis coincides with a test conducted at the University of Toronto le