浅析元代戏大团圆结局的文化心理机制.pdfVIP

摘 要 “大团圆”是我国古典文学特有的一种文学现象，它大量的出现在我国宋以后的 戏曲小说中。对于戏曲小说中的“大团圆”现象，不少人也曾进行过探讨，他们对“大 团圆”结局的态度褒贬不一，总的来讲，人们更多的是对大团圆所反映出的国民性的 弱点持否定态度。 元代的戏剧大多以大团圆结局，受冤者总能在皇帝或清官的帮助下平冤昭雪；书 生们也总能克服重重障碍，考中状元，一举成名，才子佳人共庆团圆；或在亲朋、鬼 神的帮助下使好人得到好报，坏人受到惩罚。这种大团圆结局一方面符合在小农经济 和宗法制度共同作用下的伦理文化，符合广大民众扬善惩恶的道德信念和他们实用理 性基础的社会心理，从而易于被社会各阶层的人们所接受 。另一方面，这种大团圆结 局也与元代剧作家的特殊心理有关，他们以描写大团圆结局来寄托自己的人生理想， 安慰自身的伤感、失望等复杂心情。 所以本文作者认为我国元代戏剧的大团圆结局,体现了中华民族“有情人终成眷 属”，“善有善报，恶有恶报”的价值观和“以和为贵、以和为美”的审美观。本文从 天人合一的哲学理念、严格稳固的宗法制度、无处不在的伦理文化、扬善惩恶的道德 信念、实用理性基础的社会心理等五个方面论述了元代戏剧大团圆结局产生的文化心 理机制,从而得出了我国元代戏剧文学中的大团圆结局是中华民族特有的民族文化和 民族心理的必然产物的结论。 关键词：元代戏剧 大团圆 文化心理机制 I Abstract Grand union is a kind of special phenomenon of literature in classic literature of our country, it is always found in Song dynasty’s drama and novel. At one time many people also carried on the study of it, and there are many different opinions about it. In one word most people disagree that the outcome of the grand union express of the weakness of the national trait. In Yuan-dynasty, the dramas are mostly with the grand union final outcome. The man’ grievance always was redressed with the help of emperor or honest official. Overcoming the difficulty, intellectuals always can pass the imperial examinations and become famous. Bel-esprit and beautiful women celebrate the grand union. Or let the virtuous man have good redound, the baddy be punished with the help of friends, ghosts and gods. The grand union indicates two aspects. On the hand, this outcome accord with the ethics culture of smallholder- economy and the ancient clan systems, the morals conviction of giving public recognition to good behavior and punishing bad behavior and accord with the social mentali