第二讲汉译英的选词方法I.pptVIP

翻 译 基 础 浙江海洋学院外国语学院 陶军海 jhmichael@126.com Lecture 2 Principles of Word Selection in Chinese-English Translation (I) 词语的指称意义和蕴涵意义 (referential meaning and connotative meaning) 1.指称意义是“词的确切和字面的意义”（陆国强） 往往具有多重性 eg:青衣 指地位卑贱者，如古代的婢女，又可指戏曲中中年或青年妇女的角色。 eg: 英军胜利地登上了小岛。 The British army climbed onto the island successfully. The British army landed on the island successfully. 此人是书就读。 是可忍，孰不可忍。 是古非今。 This man reads every book he can reach. If this can be tolerated, what cannot? Praise the past to condemn the present. 2. 蕴涵意义指词语内含的情感(affective meaning)和联想意义(reflective meaning)，是词语的隐含意义(implied meaning)。 eg: 月球，月亮 cf. moon 玉 cf. jade eg: 他是只纸老虎。 He is a paper tiger. eg: 去设埋伏我们都没有信心，想他一定在昨天晚上就早溜了，今天去也是瞎子电灯白费蜡。 We had no confidence in todays ambush because we were sure he had escaped last night. It seemed as useless as a blind man lighting a candle. eg: 晚霞如同一片赤红的落叶坠到铺着黄尘的地上，斜阳之下的山岗变成了暗紫，好像是云海之中的礁石。 The evening glow there is like a patch of red leaves fallen on the ground covered with golden dust. Under the sloping sunrays the hills become dark brown, as if they were rocks among a sea of clouds. eg: ......三十六家花酒店，七十二座管弦楼。 ...the countless taverns and music halls. 3. 词语翻译与语境(context) eg: 红包 确定原文词义；选择译文用词；消除歧义 礼金 gift money; 奖金 bonus; 贿赂 bribes eg: “三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮”，这就是说，群众有伟大的创造力。 The old saying, Three cobers with their wits combined would equal Zhuge Liang, the master mind, simply means the masses has great power. 火车走了两个小时。 这个人谁都敢打。 他借我两本书。 他不会说话。 打死人了。 4. 词语翻译与文化 wear clothes of cotton and eat vegetables eg: 布衣蔬食 wear coarse clothes and eat simple food 三乱 indiscriminate fines, charges and assessments 三废 the three wastes (ie. waste gas, waste water, waste industrial residue) 老少边穷地区 old revolutionary base areas, frontier areas, poverty-stricken areas and areas inhabited by national minorities