美国农业现状及发展趋势(英中双语).docVIP

Current Status and Future Trends in American Agriculture: Farming with Grass ?从牧草种植业看美国农业现状及发展趋势 J.E. Ikerd, Professor Emeritus of Agricultural Economics,?University?of?Missouri,?Columbia,?Missouri. 哥伦比亚米苏拉大学农业经济荣退教授J.E. Ikerd ? Abstract:?The growing popularity of organic, grass-fed, and locally grown foods reflects a growing consumer rebellion against an industrial, global food system.??Declining supplies of fossil energy, rising concern for global climate change, and growing social and economic inequities will exert even greater pressures on industrial agriculture in the decades ahead. These are all ultimately issues of national and global food security. Eventually, society must confront the problematic reality: the current industrial food system is not sustainable – ecologically, socially, or economically. Confinement animal feeding operations (CAFOs) will be among the first casualties of this confrontation because CAFOs epitomize the inherent lack of sustainability of a profit-driven, fossil-energy-dependent, industrial agriculture. Grass farming, on the other hand, epitomizes the potential for a quality-driven,?solar-energy-dependent, sustainable agriculture. Animal agriculture will be needed to help feed the world in the post-industrial twenty-first century, and most animals in the future will be raised on grass.?? ?摘要：随着对有机、草料饲养及本地生长食物的日受欢迎，产业化及全球化的食品体系显得越来越受到冲击。由于化石能源供应减少，全球气候问题凸显及社会和经济发展的不平等将使几十年前兴起的产业化农业体系受到前所未有的压力。这些都是国内及全球食品安全的最终问题。最终，社会必将面临很多现实问题，无论从生态角度、社会角度还是经济角度来看，现有的产业化食品体系都不是可持续的。集中动物饲养操作（CAFOs）将首先受到冲击，因为CAFOs集中体现了非可持续性的特点：包括利益导向性，严重依赖化石能源，产业化农业。而另一方面，牧草种植业则集中体现了质量导向性，依赖于太阳能及可持续农业。动物性农业将在二十一世纪的过工业时代帮助解决世界粮食问题，并且将来大部分的动物都将以牧草作为饲料进行饲养。 Key words:?industrial food system—sustainable agriculture—fossil energy—climate change—social inequity—grass farming ?关键词：产业化食品体系---可持续农业---化石能源---气候变化---社会不公平性---牧草农场 The American food system is in the final stages of industrialization.?Industrialization is quite commonly associated with manufacturing, but the transi