勘探开发介绍-英语.pptVIP

Exploring and Drilling for Oil and Gas What are Oil and Gas? Oil and Gas are substances found within the earth’s crust. They are thought to come from decomposed plant and animal matter. Scientists believe the plants and animals died long ago, and were slowly buried by thick layers of sediments. Over a long period of time, and with pressure and temperature, the organic materials were converted into the oil and gas which are found today. (For example, we know that present day garbage dumps give off methane gas) What else do we know about oil and gas? Oil in it’s natural state can be thick or thin, black or light colored. When oil is refined, many products can be obtained: Energy for power Gasoline for cars Diesel fuel for trucks and trains Hi-octane fuels for planes Heating oil for houses Many other materials also come from petroleum: Plastics Materials for clothes (example: polyester fabrics) Chemicals for everyday use Paints Where can we find Oil and Gas? So, how do we find oil-bearing rocks? Oil and gas are found in natural traps within the earth. These traps consist of domes or faults. Impermeable rock above the trap prevents the oil and gas from migrating up to surface. An “impermeable” rock is one that fluid cannot pass through. without traps, the oil and gas could migrate all the way to the surface and evaporate. How do we find the oil reservoirs? Geophysicists find reservoirs by bouncing sound waves off them, and timing how long it takes for the sound to come back Computers process the data to construct pictures of what the earth looks like underground. What do we do after we find a reservoir? We Drill Into It ! ! ! What do we drill with ? A Drilling Rig ! What’s a drilling rig ? A Drilling Rig is: A package of special equipment put together to enable us to drill into the earth. A drilling rig has many different parts: a derrick, a substructure, hoisting equipment, engines for power, drill pipe, steel tanks, pumps, solids contro