超高层建筑冬季烟囱效应模拟分析.pdf

Simulation Analysis on Stack Effect of Super High-rise Building in Winter A Dissertation Submitted for the Degree of Master Candidate：Li Guozhi Supervisor： Guan Yanling Yin Yuansheng Chang’an University, Xi’an, China 摘 要 目前，超高层建筑正在全世界迅速崛起。截止2011 年，全球已建成的高度在300m 以上的建筑有56 座，中国占22 座。这样的发展势头使众多学者对超高层建筑安全问题 的关注度越来越高。烟囱效应、抗震、疏散、消防、避难等问题是学者们的主要研究对 象。目前，解决超高层建筑中烟囱效应的措施还不够成熟。在寒冷以及严寒地区，烟囱 效应在超高层建筑中能够引发比较严重的安全事故，如增加建筑能耗、火灾时加速火势 蔓延、迫使建筑内部的各种门无法正常开启等。鉴于以上问题，本文针对西安市一在建 超高层建筑展开相关研究。 本文以实体超高层建筑为对象，具体分析了超高层建筑烟囱效应的形成原因、影响 因素、缓解措施等。烟囱效应是由于室内外空气存在温差导致空气密度差而形成。在超 高层建筑中，烟囱效应除了受建筑高度和室内外温差两个因素影响外，还受到建筑外围 护结构的气密性和建筑内部隔断的影响。笔者针对后两个因素提出加强建筑外围护结构 的气密性和增加建筑内部隔断两项缓解措施，并运用CFD 建立实体建筑的物理模型， 通过改变模型中的参数来实现以上缓解措施，模拟计算得到建筑内部竖井流场的各项参 数，对比模拟结果分析上述措施的效果和可行性。 结果显示，上述措施都能够不同程度的减弱超高层建筑的烟囱效应。 本文的研究成果为缓解超高层建筑烟囱效应提供了基本措施和理论依据，旨在在工 程设计中能够优化超高层建筑内部的气流组织，减少安全事故，降低建筑能耗。 关键词：超高层建筑，烟囱效应，数值模拟，外围护结构气密性，横向隔断，纵向隔断 I Abstract At present, high-rise buildings are rising rapidly around the world. As of 2011, the number of over 300m high buildings that have been built in the world is 56, 22 in China. Such momentum of high-rise buildings development caught many scholars more and more attention on the security issues of high-rise buildings.Stack effect, earthquake, evacuation, fire evacuation are the main objects of study of the scholars. Currently,the measures of solving high-rise buildings stack effect are not mature enough.In cold and severe cold areas, the stack effect in a high-rise building can lead to serious security incidents, such as accelerating the spread of fire, forcing all kinds of doors inside the building to be not opened normally. In view of the above problems, this paper carry out the related research according to a under construction high-rise building in Xian. In this paper, the author took the actual high-rise buildings as objects, analyzed the causes, the infl