M1 U2 定语从句(介词+关系代词,关系副词引导的定语从句).docVIP

介词+关系代词及关系副词的用法 一、介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句多用于正式文体，使用的关系代词一般是which/whom，它既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。 1. “介词+ 关系代词”引导定语从句基本原则： “介词+ 关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which(物)和whom(人)，即：介词+which/ whom。 (1). 当介词放在关系代词的前面时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，关系代词不能省略。 (2). 当介词位于定语从句的末尾时，可用that/which(物)，that/whom/who(人)作介词的宾语，而且作介词宾语的关系代词往往省略。 This is the hero (that/ who/ whom) we are proud of. 这就是我们以之为豪的英雄。 2. “介词+关系代词”具体形式及其句法功能 (1). “介词+ which”在关系分句中分别可作时间、地点和原因状语，代替相应的关系副词when, where和why。 ①I still remember the day on which (= when) I first came to school. 我仍然记得初来学校的那一天。 ②The factory in which (= where) I work is a large one. 我工作的工厂是一个大厂子。 ③This is the reason for which (= why )he was put in prison. 这就是他为什么被关起来的原因。 (2). “介词+ which（指物）/whom（指人）”在关系分句中作地点状语，表示存在关系，关系分句主谓常须倒装。 ①They arrived at a farm house, in front of which sat a small boy. 他们来到一处农舍，前边坐着一个小男孩。 ②I saw a man, on the head of whom stood a bird. 我看见一个人，他的头上有一只鸟。 (3). “不定代词或数词+ of + which（指物）/whom（指人）”在关系分句中作主语，说明整体中的一部分。 ① Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year. 评委团的五位评委听了你的演讲，他们都认为你的那篇是今年收到的演讲稿中最好的一篇。 ② It is likely to be just the name of a company, part of which may be a general location. 它很可能仅是公司的名称，其中可能含有公司的大概位置。 (4). “介词+ which（指物）/whom（指人）”在关系分句中作目的、方式或地点状语。如： ①Could you tell me for whom you’ve bought this coat? 你能告诉我这件衣服是给谁买的吗？ ②The man, from whom I learned the news, is an engineer. 这人是一位工程师，我是从他那里得到这个消息的。 (5). “介词+ which（指物）/whom（指人）”用于被动结构的关系分句中，作状语，说明动作的执行者。 ①The wolf by which the sheep was killed was shot. 伤害羊的那只狼被打死了。 ②The man by whom the wolf was shot was a good hunter. 打死狼的那人是一个好猎手。 (6). “名词+ of which”代替“whose +名词”在关系分句中作定语。 ①I saw some trees, the leaves of which (= whose leaves ) were black with disease. 我看见一些树，它们的叶子因害病而发黑。 ②He mentioned a book, the title of which (= whose title) I’ve forgotten. 他提到一本书，书名我忘了。 (7). “介词+ which（指物）/whose（指人）”修饰后边的名词。 ① I called him by the wrong name, for which mistake I apologized. 我叫错了他的名字，为此我向他表示了歉意 (1). 根据定语从句中