英文翻译外文文献翻译157.docxVIP

附录英文文献翻译 Drive axle/differential All vehicles have some type of drive axle/differential assembly incorporated into the driveline. Whether it is front, rear or four wheel drive, differentials are necessary for the smooth application of engine power to the road. PowerflowThe drive axle must transmit power through a 90° angle. The flow of power in conventional front engine/rear wheel drive vehicles moves from the engine to the drive axle in approximately a straight line. However, at the drive axle, the power must be turned at right angles (from the line of the driveshaft) and directed to the drive wheels. This is accomplished by a pinion drive gear, which turns a circular ring gear. The ring gear is attached to a differential housing, containing a set of smaller gears that are splined to the inner end of each axle shaft. As the housing is rotated, the internal differential gears turn the axle shafts, which are also attached to the drive wheels. Figure 11Component parts of a typical driven axle assembly. Differential operationThe differential is an arrangement of gears with two functions: to permit the rear wheels to turn at different speeds when cornering and to divide the power flow between both rear wheels. The accompanying illustration has been provided to help understand how this occurs. The drive pinion, which is turned by the driveshaft, turns the ring gear (1). The ring gear, which is attached to the differential case, turns the case (2). The pinion shaft, located in a bore in the differential case, is at right angles to the axle shafts and turns with the case (3). The differential pinion (drive) gears are mounted on the pinion shaft and rotate with the shaft (4). Differential side gears (driven gears) are meshed with the pinion gears and turn with the differential housing and ring gear as a unit (5). The side gears are splined to the inner ends of the axle shafts and rotate the shafts as the housing turns (6). When both wheels have equal traction, the pinion