基于元胞传输模型的PI控制器毕业设计和仿真.doc

摘要 但是随着经济的高速发展，机动车辆急剧增多导致部分时段超过了高速公路临界密度值，造成了交通拥堵，入口匝道控制、限速控制、变向车道。元胞传输模型可以很好地模拟交通激波、排队形成与消散，本文将PID控制器运用到高速公路，整定相关参数来控制入口匝道的车流量。。 关键PID控制器 Abstract Nowadays, Freeway plays a very important role all over the word. It provides comfortable and high speed running state which will save times for travelers. But with the rapidly development of economy, the vehicle increase rapidly result in a problem that freeway critical density may outstrip at some times which will lead to the traffic congestion. In order to improve the situation of traffic congestion. in the pass, There are variety of ways was used to ease traffic congestion, for example, entrance ramp control, speed control, variable to the driveway. there are many districts make use of the cell transmission model to modeling. Therefore ,the cell transmission model was used to entrance ramp control that it will perfect traffic situation of freeway. Cell transmission model can well simulate the traffic shock and the queue of formatting or dissipating and so on. this article will use PID controller to simulate freeway and setting the related parameter to control the on-ramp traffic. Cell transmission model is used by the MATLAB software to simulating, the simulation results show that the model has good stability and dynamics, and the characteristics shows a perfect robustness, especially the data make use to the ramp control, there also have a perfect regulate to the ramp. Keywords Freeway Ramp Control Cell Transmission Model PID Controller 目 录 摘 要 I Abstract II 第1章 绪论 1 1.1 课题背景 1 1.2 研究目的和意义 1 1.3 国内外文献综述 2 1.4 本论文的主要研究内容 3 第2章 高速公路入口匝道控制 4 2.1 概述 4 2.2 入口匝道控制 4 2.3 流量控制 4 2.4 入口匝道感应控制 5 2.4.1 需求-容量差额控制 5 2.4.2 占有率控制 6 2.4.3 反馈控制 6 2.5 本章小结 7 第3章 PID控制器 8 3.1 概述 8 3.2 PID控制原理 8 3.3 离散PID控制 9 3.4 本章小结 10 第4章 基于元胞传输模型的PID控制器的设计 11 4.1 元胞传输模型 11 4.2 元胞传输模型的优化 12 4.3 基于元胞传输模型的PID控制器 13 4.4 本章小结 13 第5章 仿真研究 14 5.1 仿真背景 14 5.2 仿真结果 20 5.3 本章小结 31 结 论 32 参考文献 33 致 谢 34 第1章 绪论 1.1 课题背景 在现在这个时代，人民的物质需求