考研语法——长难句分析策略及其答案翻译.doc

考研语法——长难句分析策略 总论 一、考研语法在各题型直接命题点的体现： 1. 阅读：定语从句、宾语从句、状语从句------现在分词、过去分词、比较结构------主语从句。 2. 完形：定语从句、宾语从句、状语从句------现在分词、过去分词------主语从句、比较结构、同位语从句。 3. 翻译：定语从句------状语从句、宾语从句、现在分词------过去分词------比较结构、倒装------同位语从句、表语从句。 二、英语句法规则：一个句子中有且只能有一个核心动词。㈠ 分号和并列连词可以连接多个独立的句子，构成并列句；多个句子之间是平等关系；多句的动词共同构成句子的核心动词。㈡ 复合句分为主句和从句两部分，由从属连词连接；主句的动语是核心动词；主从句之间属于上下级关系。 三、长难句分析六步走 1. (2010Text4) These (changes) gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets (非流动资产) and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statements (损益计算). 2. （2001完形）The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases such as the trial of Rosemary West. 3. （2005Text1）Whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in monkeys and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is , as yet, an unanswered question. (2005-25) What can we infer from the last paragraph? [A] Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions. [B] Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source. [C] Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do. [D] Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild. 4. (2008Text2) The Internet—and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it—is making access to scientific results a reality. 四、基本知识补充 1. 句子成分：主干成分——主语、谓语/系词、宾语/表语 修饰成分——定语、状语和补语 例：When it comes to English test, he, who is a college student, considers grammar most important. 2. 由词到句的扩展：除谓语和补语外，任何其他句子成分都可以用句子代替单词或短语构成从句。 例：Last year, the hard-working student considered the NETEM most important.（词） In 2011, most of college students, a group of hard-working people, considered passing the NETEM most important.（短语） When it was 2011, what was considered to be the most important for most of college students, who were hard-working people, was passing the NETEM.（句