灵敏电流计特性的研究及其参数的测量.doc

本 科 毕 业 论 文 论文题目：灵敏电流计特性的研究及参数的测量 院 系： 物理科学与技术学院 专 业： 应用物理学 姓 名： 学 号： 0809810028 指导教师： 二零 一二 年 五 月 摘 要 灵敏电流计也叫直流检流计或检流计，是一种精确的磁电式仪表。它和其它磁电式仪表一样，都是根据载流线圈在磁场中受力矩作用而偏转的原理制成的，只是在结构上有些不同。普通电表中的线圈安装在轴承上，用弹簧游丝来维持平衡，用指针来指示偏转。而灵敏电流计则是用极细的金属悬丝代替轴承，且将线圈悬挂在磁场中，由于悬丝细而长，反抗力矩很小，所以当有极弱的电流流过线圈时，就会使它明显的偏转。因而它比一般的电流表要灵敏得多，可以测量10-6～10-11A范围的微弱电流和10-3～10-6V范围的微小电压，如光电流、物理电流、温差电动势等；电流计的另一种用途是平衡指零，即根据流过电流计的电流是否为零来判断电路是否平衡。 关键词： 灵敏电流计; 特性参数; 测量方法; Abstract Sensitive galvanometer measuring also called dc inspection flow meter or inspection flow meter, it is a kind of precise magnetoelectric meter. It and other magnetoelectric meter, it is a current-carrying coil according to in magnetic field by torque role and the principle of the deflection is made, just on the structure is slightly different. General electric meter installed in bearing the coil, with spring kind to maintain balance, with the pointer to deflect instructions. And sensitive galvanometer measuring is use an extremely fine metal suspended silk instead of bearing, and hanging in magnetic field coil, due to suspension wire fine and long, resistance torque is small, so when there is extremely weak current flows through a coil, will make it clear deflection. Thus it to sensitive than the average ammeter, can measure 10-6 ~ 10-11 A range of weak current and 10-3 ~ 10-6 V range of small voltage, such as possible, physical current, temperature difference electromotive force, etc.; Meter.with the alternative use is balance refers to zero, according to flow through the galvanometer measuring current zero to judge whether circuit balance。 Key words： Sensitive galvanometer measuring; Characteristic parameters; Measuring methods;引 言 5 1实验目的 6 2仪器和用具 6 3原理 6 3.1灵敏电流计的构造与灵敏度 6 3.2灵敏电流计的三种运动状态 7 3.3灵敏电流计的灵敏度和内阻的测量方法 8 4实验内容 10 4.1参照图连接电路 10 4.2测定灵敏电流计的自由振荡周期。 10 4.3观测三种运动状态并确定临